Town Board Meeting — Agenda packet

May 21, 2026 SALE DAY REPORT FOR: Town of Rome, Wisconsin $3,525,000 General Obligation Promissory Notes, Series 2026A Prepared by: Ehlers N19W24400 Riverwood Drive, Suite 100 Waukesha, WI 53188 Greg Johnson, Senior Municipal Advisor Harry Allen, Senior Municipal Advisor BUILDING COMMUNITIES. IT’S WHAT WE DO. Sale Day Report for Town of Rome, Wisconsin 1 Competitive Sale Results PURPOSE: For public purposes, including paying the cost of a new fire truck, fire station maintenance, street improvement projects and highway equipment. RATING: Moody's Investor's Service "Aa3" NUMBER OF BIDS: 6 LOW BIDDER: BOK Financial Securities, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin COMPARISON FROM LOWEST TO HIGHEST BID: (TIC as bid) LOW BID: 3.5299% HIGH BID: 3.7435% Summary of Sale Results: Principal Amount: $3,525,000 Underwriter’s Discount: $27,873 Reoffering Premium: $189,156 True Interest Cost: 3.5353% Costs of Issuance: $83,310 Yield: 2.95%-3.55% Total Net P&I $4,238,990 NOTES: The total net principal and interest is $50,752 less than the pre-sale estimate. Bond Trust Services Corporation, Minneapolis, Minnesota will serve as Paying Agent on the Notes. The Notes maturing April 1, 2034 and thereafter are callable April 1, 2033 or any date thereafter. CLOSING DATE: June 11, 2026 TOWN BOARD ACTION: Adopt a resolution awarding the sale of $3,525,000 General Obligation Promissory Notes, Series 2026A. Sale Day Report for Town of Rome, Wisconsin 2 SUPPLEMENTARY ATTACHMENTS • Bid Tabulation • Existing Debt Summary • Sources and Uses of Funds • Updated Debt Service Schedule • Tax Impact Schedule • G.O. Debt Capacity • Rating Press Release BID TABULATION $3,575,000* General Obligation Promissory Notes, Series 2026A Town of Rome, Wisconsin SALE: May 21, 2026 AWARD: BOK FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC. Rating: Moody's Investor's Service "Aa3" Tax Exempt - Bank Qualified NAME OF INSTITUTION MATURITY (April 1) COUPON RATE REOFFERING YIELD PRICE TRUE INTEREST RATE BOK FINANCIAL SECURITIES, INC. $3,743,382.85 3.5299% Milwaukee, Wisconsin 2027 5.000% 2.950% 2028 5.000% 2.950% 2029 5.000% 3.050% 2030 5.000% 3.100% 2031 5.000% 3.200% 2032 5.000% 3.250% 2033 5.000% 3.300% 2034 4.000% 3.350% 2035 4.000% 3.450% 2036 4.000% 3.550% BAIRD 3.5699% Milwaukee, Wisconsin TD FINANCIAL PRODUCTS LLC 3.6354% New York, New York RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC. 3.6478% St. Petersburg, Florida NORTHLAND SECURITIES, INC. 3.6623% Minneapolis, Minnesota HUNTINGTON SECURITIES, INC 3.7435% Chicago, Illinois * Subsequent to bid opening the issue size was decreased to $3,525,000. Adjusted Price: $3,686,282.52 Adjusted Net Interest Cost: $713,989.70 Adjusted TIC: 3.5353% Table 1 Existing G.O. Debt Base Case Town of Rome, WI Annual Taxes Year Less: Less: Less: Tax Rate $300,000 Year Ending Visit Rome TID #1 Premium Per $1,000 of Value Ending 2026 2,061,318 (112,727) (934,423) (189,073) 825,095 1,605,673,000 $0.51 $154.16 2026 2027 1,886,128 (112,727) (931,060) (18,277) 824,065 1,737,064,406 $0.47 $142.32 2027 2028 1,864,377 (112,727) (931,325) 0 820,325 1,879,207,505 $0.44 $130.96 2028 2029 1,860,415 (112,727) (930,165) 817,523 2,195,354,901 $0.37 $111.72 2029 2030 1,861,590 (112,727) (932,513) 816,350 2,374,999,678 $0.34 $103.12 2030 2031 1,741,956 0 (933,406) 808,550 2,569,344,696 $0.31 $94.41 2031 2032 1,733,081 (923,006) 810,075 2,779,592,869 $0.29 $87.43 2032 2033 804,900 0 804,900 3,007,045,542 $0.27 $80.30 2033 2034 553,650 553,650 3,253,110,552 $0.17 $51.06 2034 2035 265,200 265,200 3,519,310,937 $0.08 $22.61 2035 2036 0 0 3,807,294,365 $0.00 $0.00 2036 Total 14,632,615 (563,635) (6,515,898) (207,350) 7,345,732 Total Notes: Legend: 1. Projected TID closure reflected in 2029 values. Represents +/- 25% Change over previous year Total G.O. Debt Payments Net Tax Levy Equalized Value (TID OUT) Existing Debt Table 2 Sources and Uses Town of Rome, WI 2026 G.O. Notes Levy CIP Projects New Fire Truck 1,077,500 1,077,500 Fire Station 2 Maintenance 130,590 130,590 Road Projects 1,834,100 1,834,100 Highway Equipment 415,175 415,175 Additional Funds (Rounding) 2,666 2,666 Subtotal Project Costs 3,460,031 3,460,031 CIP Projects 3,460,031 3,460,031 Premium Underwriter's Premium (built into rates) (189,156) (189,156) Premium Deposit To Debt Service Fund 161,283 161,283 Net Premium (27,873) (27,873) Issuance Expenses Municipal Advisor (Ehlers) 36,000 36,000 Bond Counsel 19,360 19,360 Disclosure Counsel 12,600 12,600 Rating Fee 14,500 14,500 Underwriter's Discount 7.91 27,873 27,873 Paying Agent 850 850 Subtotal Issuance Expenses 111,183 111,183 TOTAL TO BE FINANCED 3,543,341 3,543,341 Estimated Interest Earnings 3.00% (18,341) (18,341) Assumed spend down (months) 4.00 Rounding 0 0 NET ISSUE SIZE 3,525,000 3,525,000 Table 3 Allocation of Debt Service - 2026 G.O. Notes Town of Rome, WI Year Year Ending Principal Rate Interest Premium Net Total Ending Principal (4/1) Interest Premium Net Total 2026 0 2026 0 0 0 0 2027 370,000 5.00% 205,122 (161,283) 413,840 2027 370,000 205,122 (161,283) 413,840 2028 285,000 5.00% 138,575 423,575 2028 285,000 138,575 423,575 2029 300,000 5.00% 123,950 423,950 2029 300,000 123,950 423,950 2030 315,000 5.00% 108,575 423,575 2030 315,000 108,575 423,575 2031 330,000 5.00% 92,450 422,450 2031 330,000 92,450 422,450 2032 350,000 5.00% 75,450 425,450 2032 350,000 75,450 425,450 2033 370,000 5.00% 57,450 427,450 2033 370,000 57,450 427,450 2034 385,000 4.00% 40,500 425,500 2034 385,000 40,500 425,500 2035 400,000 4.00% 24,800 424,800 2035 400,000 24,800 424,800 2036 420,000 4.00% 8,400 428,400 2036 420,000 8,400 428,400 Total 3,525,000 875,272 (161,283) 4,238,990 Total 3,525,000 875,272 (161,283) 4,238,990 Notes: PRE-SALE ESTIMATE 4,289,742 DIFFERENCE (50,752) Levy Funded 10 year Portion Totals Table 4 Financing Plan Tax Impact Town of Rome, WI 2026 G.O. Notes Net Debt 3,525,000 Total Levy Change Total Tax Annual Taxes Annual Taxes Annual Taxes Year Service Dated: 6/11/2026 Net Debt from Prior Rate for $300,000 Difference Impact Year Ending Levy Total Net P&I Service Levy Year Debt Service Home From Prior Year New Debt Only Ending 2026 825,095 1,605,673,000 0 825,095 $0.51 $154 2026 2027 824,065 1,737,064,406 413,840 1,533,878 708,784 $0.88 $265 $111 $123 2027 2028 820,325 1,879,207,505 423,575 1,537,647 3,769 $0.82 $245 ($19) $115 2028 2029 817,523 2,195,354,901 423,950 1,534,939 (2,708) $0.70 $210 ($36) $98 2029 2030 816,350 2,374,999,678 423,575 1,532,905 (2,034) $0.65 $194 ($16) $91 2030 2031 808,550 2,569,344,696 422,450 1,523,244 (9,661) $0.59 $178 ($16) $83 2031 2032 810,075 2,779,592,869 425,450 1,526,778 3,534 $0.55 $165 ($13) $77 2032 2033 804,900 3,007,045,542 427,450 1,522,305 (4,473) $0.51 $152 ($13) $72 2033 2034 553,650 3,253,110,552 425,500 1,267,448 (254,858) $0.39 $117 ($35) $66 2034 2035 265,200 3,519,310,937 424,800 986,136 (281,311) $0.28 $84 ($33) $61 2035 2036 0 3,807,294,365 428,400 721,858 (264,279) $0.19 $57 ($27) $57 2036 2037 0 4,118,843,330 0 226,483 (495,375) $0.05 $16 ($40) $16 2037 Total 7,345,732 4,238,990 $961 Total Cost of new debt to Sample Taxpayer Notes: Proposed DebtExisting Debt Equalized Value (TID OUT) Debt Service Levy Taxes Table 5 General Obligation Debt Capacity Analysis - Impact of Financing Plan Town of Rome, WI Projected Existing Combined Principal Year Equalized Principal Existing Year Ending Value (TID IN) Debt Limit Outstanding % of Limit 2026 G.O. Notes & Proposed Ending 2025 1,768,045,800 88,402,290 12,847,063 14.53% $12,847,063 14.53% $75,555,227 2025 2026 1,918,106,503 95,905,325 11,176,033 11.65% 3,525,000 $14,701,033 15.33% $81,204,292 2026 2027 2,080,903,424 104,045,171 9,622,048 9.25% 3,155,000 $12,777,048 12.28% $91,268,123 2027 2028 2,257,517,532 112,875,877 8,048,422 7.13% 2,870,000 $10,918,422 9.67% $101,957,455 2028 2029 2,449,121,544 122,456,077 6,434,844 5.25% 2,570,000 $9,004,844 7.35% $113,451,233 2029 2030 2,656,987,710 132,849,385 4,770,000 3.59% 2,255,000 $7,025,000 5.29% $125,824,385 2030 2031 2,882,496,260 144,124,813 3,175,000 2.20% 1,925,000 $5,100,000 3.54% $139,024,813 2031 2032 3,127,144,570 156,357,228 1,540,000 0.98% 1,575,000 $3,115,000 1.99% $153,242,228 2032 2033 3,392,557,103 169,627,855 790,000 0.47% 1,205,000 $1,995,000 1.18% $167,632,855 2033 2034 3,680,496,196 184,024,810 260,000 0.14% 820,000 $1,080,000 0.59% $182,944,810 2034 2035 3,992,873,765 199,643,688 (0) 0.00% 420,000 $420,000 0.21% $199,223,688 2035 2036 4,331,763,994 216,588,200 0 0.00% 0 $0 0.00% $216,588,200 2036 Notes: % of Limit Residual Capacity Proposed DebtExisting Debt Rating Action: Moody's Ratings assigns Aa3 to the Town of Rome, WI's GO Notes 18 May 2026 New York, May 18, 2026 -- Moody's Ratings (Moody's) has assigned a Aa3 rating to the Town of Rome, WI's General Obligation Promissory Notes, Series 2026A with a proposed par amount of about $3.5 million. We maintain the town's Aa3 issuer rating and the Aa3 rating on its outstanding general obligation unlimited tax (GOULT) bonds. Post-sale, the town will have about $15 million in GOULT debt outstanding. RATINGS RATIONALE The Aa3 issuer rating reflects the town's strong local economy, driven by its position as a regional tourism destination centered around a large golf resort. Full value has grown by around 16% on average over the past five years and full value per capita now exceeds $550,000. The resident income ratio is also strong at 120%. The available fund balance ratio was healthy at around 40% as of fiscal 2024 and unaudited fiscal 2025 results indicate a continued stability with no material changes in the reserves. While finances are strong, the ratios slightly lag Aa3 peers and the nominal size of the town's operations is comparatively small. The long-term liabilities ratio will total just over 200% of fiscal 2025 revenue following this sale, which is in line with similarly-rated peers. The town has no plans for additional debt in the near future, and continued revenue growth should allow liabilities to moderate while finances remain strong. RATING OUTLOOK We do not assign outlooks to local government issuers with this amount of debt outstanding. FACTORS THAT COULD LEAD TO AN UPGRADE OF THE RATING - Continued growth and diversification of the local economy - Continued revenue growth while maintaining an available fund balance ratio more in line with higher rated peers FACTORS THAT COULD LEAD TO A DOWNGRADE OF THE RATING - An available fund balance ratio below 35% - A long-term liabilities ratio approaching 350% PROFILE Rome, WI is a town of around 3,200 people located in Adams County in central Wisconsin. It is located about 95 miles north of Madison. 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WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 WELLHEAD PROTECTION PLAN April, 2026 Prepared for the Wisconsin Trapshooting Association DNR Public Water Supply ID: 70103671 (Range) 70103660 (Campground) By: Wisconsin Rural Water Association Sourcewater Protection Program Andrew Aslesen, Sourcewater Specialist, Aaslesen@wrwa.org WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 Table of Contents BACKGROUND ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 1 WATER SUPPLY ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 1 HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 2 AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 2 GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 3 ZONE OF INFLUENCE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 3 ZONE OF CONTRIBUTION (RECHARGE AREA)................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 4 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 5 Other Threats ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 6 WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 7 MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 7 CONTINGENCY PLANNING ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 8 REFERENCES ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 14 Figures Figure 1 – Town of Rome Municipal Well Locations ................................ ................................ ..9 Figure 2 – Groundwater Flow ................................ ................................ ................................ ...10 Figure 3 – Zone of Contribution................................ ................................ ................................ 11 Figure 4 – Potential Contaminant Sources ................................ ................................ ...............12 Figure 5 – Wellhead Protection Area ................................ ................................ ....................... 13 Appendices Appendix A – Potential Contaminant Source Inventory, Setbacks & List of Abbreviations Appendix B – Lithologic Logs And Well Construction Details WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 1 BACKGROUND The Wisconsin Trapshooters Association (hereafter WTA) located in the Town of Rome, Adams County has prepared this wellhead protection plan for the purpose of minimizing the risk of contamination to their two public supply wells. Wellhead protection is a preventative program designed to protect public water supplies by managing land use in the area surrounding public wells. The wellhead protection process identifies and establishes protection areas around each public supply well. These areas are designated for special protective measures intended to minimize the risk of groundwater feeding the wells from becoming contaminated. The wellhead protection areas are established based on a hydrologic study which determines the land area that directly contributes groundwater to each well. Recent Nitrate contamination of two municipal wells serving the Rome Water Utility has emphasized the vulnerability of the groundwater aquifer in the Town of Rome and the importance of protecting public water supplies within the town. This plan is prepared in accordance with the Wisconsin Administrative Code, Chapter NR 811.12(6) for wellhead protection planning. WATER SUPPLY WTA has two Transient, Non -Community public water systems at their home facility, one that serves the trap shooting range (PWS ID:70103671) and one that serves the campground (PWS ID:70103660). The water systems serve an annual transient population of around 20,000 people who visit the WTA Shooting Complex throughout the trapshooting season, typically May through October. Table 1 Well WI Unique Well ID# Year Constructed Total Depth (ft) Casing Depth (ft) Open Interval (ft) Well Diameter (in) Capacity (gpm) Trap Range YJ322 2013 119 104 15 8 75 Trap Camp YJ327 2013 119 104 15 8 120 Raw water pumped from the Range well services the main learning center building and the campground well serves 104 full-service campsites. Water from both wells is sampled regularly for Bacteria and Nitrate by the Wood County Health Department. Locations of the wells are shown in Figure 1. Lithologic logs and construction details are included in Appendix B. Trap Range Well – YJ322 The trap range well is located just south of the main building near the center of the grounds on the north side of Akron Drive in the north -central part of the Town of Rome. The facility is surrounded primarily by forest crop land; however, there is currently a proposal to build several hundred acres of solar development around the facility. Campground Well – YJ327 The trap range well is located near the center of the campground in the southwest part of the facility. WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 2 HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING The Town of Rome is located in northwest Adams County in north central part of the state. The area is part of Wisconsin’s Central Plain Physiographic Region (Martin, 1965). The geography is characterized by Pleistocene age offshore sediments of sand, silt and clay deposited on the bottom of glacial Lake Wisconsin which once covered much of the county. These are overlain by a thin layer of postglacial windblown sand. The unconsolidated deposits typically range in thickness from around 60-120 ft. Underlying the unconsolidated material is Cambrian age sandstone bedrock of the Mt. Simon Formation (Clayton, 1987) and (Hadley and Pelham, 1976). The sandstone aquifer has been used for nearby municipal wells in the past; however, water quality from the sandstone aquifer often contains elevated levels of Iron and Manganese, which would require additional treatment. Below the unconsolidated glacial deposits lies Pre-Cambrian age crystalline bedrock that is effectively impermeable (Kammerer, 1998). Both of WTA’s wells are constructed in the unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifer. AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS The source of all groundwater is precipitation which infiltrates and recharges the aquifer. The rate at which groundwater flows in the aquifer is determined by the hydraulic parameters of the aquifer. Important hydraulic parameters are described below and given in Table 2: ▪ Aquifer Thickness – Vertical thickness of water bearing porous medium. ▪ Effective Porosity – The ratio of void volume to the total volume of material (estimate) ▪ Hydraulic Gradient – The change in water table elevation (hydraulic head), divided by the change in distance in a given direction (calculation shown in Figure 2) ▪ Storage Coefficient – The volume of water that an aquifer releases from storage, per unit surface area of the aquifer, per unit change in head. Estimated for unconfined aquifers (Driscoll 1986, pp. 737). ▪ Transmissivity – The rate at which water is transmitted through a unit width of the aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient. It is estimated using pump test data, and the “T-Guess” computer solution (Bradbury and Rothschild, 1985). ▪ Hydraulic Conductivity – The ease with which flow takes place through a porous medium. It is calculated by dividing transmissivity by the aquifer thickness. Table 2 Aquifer Hydrologic Parameters Trap Range: YJ322 Campground: YJ327 Aquifer Thickness (ft) 87 91 Effective Porosity 0.2 0.2 Hydraulic Gradient 0.0065 0.0065 Storage Coefficient 0.1 0.1 Transmissivity (ft2/sec) 0.021 0.031 Hydraulic Conductivity (ft/day) 20.86 29.43 WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 3 The Aquifer hydraulic parameters are estimated using a pump test, which is conducted at the time of well construction, and can be found on the well construction report. A pump test provides an estimate of how much water an aquifer can yield and how good the well performs, also known as the wells specific capacity. This is done by measuring drawdown, which is the difference between the static (pre-pumping) water levels and water levels after pumping the well at a given rate for a given period of time. The pumping test results are as follows: Table 3 Pump Test Trap Range: YJ322 Campground: YJ327 Pumping Rate (gpm) 75 120 Duration (hours) 1 1 Static Water Level (ft) 32 28 Pumping Water Level (ft) 60 60 Drawdown (ft) 28 32 Specific Capacity (gpm/ft) 2.7 3.8 GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION In a groundwater flow system, groundwater moves continuously from areas of recharge to areas of groundwater discharge. The direction of groundwater flow may be inferred from the regional topography and the slope of the water table. The water table is the upper limit of the aquifer and is measured in “head” or elevation above sea level. The water table is estimated by looking at water levels in wells that have a screened interval within the aquifer. Wells provide a point of measurement of the water table elevation. The best available water table map for the area was published by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (Lippelt, 1981). A local portion of the water table map is shown in Figure 2. The water table is shown as contour lines of equal head with a 20 ft contour interval. Groundwater flows approximately at right angles to the contour lines of equal head in the direction of decreasing head. Near Rome, groundwater originates in the slightly higher elevation areas to the east and flows generally west towards the municipal wells and the Wisconsin River. ZONE OF INFLUENCE The Theis Equation is used to calculate the Zone of Influence (ZOI), which is a circle around each well that represents a cone of depression in the water table defined by a drawdown of 1 foot that would develop after 30 days of continuous pumping at full capacity, with no recharge to the groundwater. It assumes that the aquifer is homogeneous (the aquifer is equally permeable in all places and in all directions), the well fully penetrates the aquifer and drawdown is small compared to the saturated thickness. It simulates theoretical worst-case condition. Since the formula uses continuous pumping at full capacity and does not consider recharge to the aquifer, the calculation may be artificially large. When recharge is considered the ZOI becomes an elliptical shape extending farther upgradient and less downgradient. WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 4 Theis Equation: Where: 𝑊(𝜇) = 𝑠𝑇 114.6∗𝑄 W(μ ) = Well Function s = Drawdown (1 ft) Q = Maximum Pumping Capacity 𝑟2 = 𝑇𝑡𝜇 1.87𝑆 T = Transmissivity (gpd/ft) S = Storativity μ = From lookup table based on W(μ) t = 30 days continuous pumping R = Radius of the cone of depression Zone of Influence (ZOI) Calculations: Trap Range: YJ322 W(μ )= 1 X 13,566 W(μ )= 1.5784 114.6 X 75 r = √( 13,566 X 30 X 1.4 ) μ = 1.4 1.87 X 0.1 ZOI radius= 1,746 feet Campground: YJ327 W(μ )= 1 X 20,026 W(μ )= 1.4562 114.6 X 120 r = √( 20,026 X 30 X 0.9 ) μ = 0.9 1.87 X 0.1 ZOI radius= 1,700 feet ZONE OF CONTRIBUTION (RECHARGE AREA) In order to protect the groundwater reaching WI Trapshooting Assn’s public wells, it is important to determine where that groundwater is coming from. The land area that contributes water to a well is known as the “Zone of Contribution” (ZOC) or recharge area. Several methods can be used to delineate recharge areas ranging from a simple calculated fixed radius to the use of complex computer models. Groundwater flow in the central sands was modeled by the US Geologic Survey and Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) (Fienen et. al, 2022 & Baker et. al., 2025). Model results were built into a web application by the WGNHS (Hart, 2026) that can be used to visualize contributing zones. The model uses particle tracking to estimate groundwater flow lines from to their origination point to where they intersect the pumping well. The model shows groundwater captured by WTA’s wells coming from the east and flowing west with a slight northwest bend to the public wells. The modeled ZOCs are mapped in Figure 3. WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 5 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES In order to design the most appropriate management strategy, it is necessary to know what possible sources of contaminants are present around each well. These are locations where human activity or land use has created the potential to release contaminants into the groundwater aquifer. Potential contaminant sources within ½ mile of each well were identified by records review and field reconnaissance. Contaminants released on the land surface are subject to a series of physical, chemical and biological processes that impede, destroy or bind up contaminants moving through the soil and unconsolidated surficial deposits toward the groundwater. Soil grain size & organic matter along with any layers of silt & clay work to reduce the susceptibility of the aquifer. Soils in the Town of Rome are primarily sand which has a very limited potential to attenuate pollutants due to large grain size and low organic matter content (USDA, 2025), making the aquifer particularly vulnerable to contamination from the land surface. The primary risks to the aquifer are described and discussed below and potential contaminant sources within ½ mile of each well are mapped in Figure 4. Appendix A contains a comprehensive inventory with distances and direction from the nearest well. Domestic Wastewater Domestic wastewater can come from sanitary sewers or septic systems. Sewage from leaking sanitary sewers and septic systems can contain both domestic and industrial wastewater. While industrial wastewater can have many types of pollutants, the contaminants of most concern in domestic wastewater are pathogens and nitrate. Pathogens (primarily bacteria and viruses) are filtered somewhat as they move through the ground and are viable for a limited time. Pathogens are treated most effectively using continuous disinfection. Continuous disinfection using liquid chlorine is currently utilized by the utility. Nitrate from domestic wastewater is a concern of secondary importance but typically only becomes an issue when there is a high density of septic systems or a major sewer leak near a well. The area is not served by a municipal sewer system, however the only development in the area is the WI Trapshooting Association’s facility and a single private residence across Akron Drive to the south. The low number of septic systems withing ½ mile of the wells mean the wells are considered minimally vulnerable to contamination from domestic wastewater. Agriculture and Agricultural Chemicals The primary risk from agriculture is nitrate from fertilizers and manure. Nitrate travels easily in groundwater with little attenuation. Nitrate concentrations in drinking water must remain below the drinking water standard of 10 mg/L to be considered safe. There is no row crop agriculture near the public wells and regular compliance sampling shows Nitrate levels of 0 mg/L. The wells are still considered to have a moderate susceptibility to Nitrate contamination due to the speed with which Nitrate can move through the aquifer and the history of Nitrate contamination in the nearby Rome Water Utilities Wells #1 & #2. Preventing potential Nitrate sources in the wellhead protection area is an important protective measure. WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 6 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) VOCs can be released from a variety of sources, including petroleum storage & transport, auto repair shops, dry cleaners & industrial operations that use chemicals & solvents. Some VOCs are heavy and readily move downward through the aquifer. Heavy VOCs consist primarily of chlorinated solvents used in dry cleaning, parts washing, general de-greasing and brake cleaning. There are currently no known potential VOC sources within ½ mile of the wells. The wells are still considered to have a moderate susceptibility to VOC contamination due to the speed with which contaminants can move through the sandy aquifer. Protecting the wells from spills, illicit discharges or development that would bring potential VOC sources to the area are important protective measures. Private Wells Water can move through a private well that is unused or in disrepair. These wells can be a direct conduit for contaminants to move quickly from the surface to the groundwater. Damaged or missing well caps provide a direct path for vermin, insect and other organisms to contaminate the aquifer. There is only one known private wells within ½ mile of the municipal well at the residents to the south across Akron Dr. Any new private wells drilled in the area should meet construction code to ensure protection of groundwater. Changing Land Use Current land use around the facility is currently forest crop land. Forest land is one of the best land uses for water quality. This is recognized by the US Forest Service with their Forest to Faucet Initiative. Any change in land use could bring potential sources of contamination into the wellhead protection area. The Town of Rome has a wellhead protection ordinance which works to regulate land use in Wellhead Protection Areas for public wells in the town. It is critically important that any land use change be carefully evaluated for it's potential to increase the vulnerability of the public wells to contamination. Other Threats It is important that any proposed changes to land use near the municipal wells are carefully evaluated for any potential threat to groundwater. Regulatory controls and zoning practices are important tools for managing land use. Land use is best managed through zoning. The town has a wellhead protection zoning ordinance that institutes land use controls within the wellhead protection area. Contaminants of emerging concern are chemicals that may pose a risk to human health, but that risk is not fully understood or has not been fully evaluated. This can include things like pharmaceuticals, personal care products or per/polyfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS). As more information becomes available on these potential contaminants, they should be evaluated and addressed as needed. The emerging contaminant of most concern right now is PFAS. PFAS is a broad group of durable chemicals and materials used in a wide variety of applications including firefighting foam, food wrappers and Teflon. PFAS compounds of most concern are PFOS and PFOA. Effective August 1st 2022, Wisconsin implemented a drinking water standard for WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 7 municipal wells for several PFAS compounds, however there is currently no PFAS standards for other categories of public wells. Due to the surrounding land use, and no known potential source of PFAS in the area, the vulnerability to PFAS compounds is considered low. WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS A Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) is defined by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act as the "surface and subsurface area surrounding a water well or well field, supplying a public water system, through which contaminants are reasonably likely to move toward and reach such water or well field". In practical terms, the WHPA is a legally -defined area including all or part of the Zone of Contribution and within which zoning practices or other land -use controls can be implemented to help protect groundwater from contamination (Bradbury et. al., 1999) . The WHPA is established to clearly define the area most critical for protecting Wisconsin Trapshooting Association ’s wells from contamination. They should be the primary focus o f efforts to protect the Utilities’ water supply. The WHPA is established based on the modeled zones of contribution . The DNR suggests the boundary of a WHPA be extended to a minimum distance of 1,200 ft around public wells. With the high rate of speed with which groundwater moves in the Town of Rome, the zone of contribution extends only a short distance down -gradient from the wells. The WHPA has been extended 1,200 feet down gradient. Due to the vulnerability of the unconsolidated aquifer and the uncertainty associated with groundwater modeling, the s ame 1,200 foot down -gradient buffer was applied to the entire ZOC to create a conservative WHPA . The WHPA is mapped in Figure 5. MANAGEMENT STRATEGY The management strategy outlines the Utilities’ plan to implement the wellhead protection plan. “Implementation” means taking specific actions to protect the Utilities’ water supply wells. This includes addressing specific issues and solutions identified in the wellhead protection plan or by the steering committee. The implementation plan lays out specific actions along with the party responsible and a timeline for completion. Because the primary land use surrounding the facility is forest land which is highly protective of groundwater, the biggest threat to the wells would be any changes to the surrounding land use that would introduce potential sources of contamination into the wellhead protection area. The Town of Rome recently adopted a wellhead protection ordinance that regulates land use in the areas surrounding public wells within the town that have been designated as wellhead protection areas. The town ordinance allows for any public supply well with a wellhead protection plan to be included in the town ordinance. Wisconsin Trap Shooting Association will request the wellhead protection areas designated in this plan be included in the town WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 8 ordinance. Additionally, Wisconsin Trap Shooting Association will cooperate with the town on efforts to protect groundwater quality within the town’s wellhead protection areas. STEERING COMMITTEE A steering committee has been formed to oversee implementation of the elements of this plan. The committee consists of the following individuals: • John Atkielski, President, Wisconsin Trapshooting Association • Carl Hasdal, Town Board Chair, Town of Rome • Cody Knoblock, Operator In Charge, Rome Utility • Andrew Aslesen, Source Water Specialist, Wisconsin Rural Water Association Local governmental entities that have jurisdiction in the planning area are the Town of Rome and Adams County. Cooperation will be sought with these entities in implementing this plan. CONTINGENCY PLANNING Contingency planning is done to minimize the disruption of water service in the event of emergencies. In the event that WTA’s wells becomes contaminated or otherwise interrupted , trucked or bottled water would need to be brought in to supply the facility for events. A list of emergency contacts is included below. EMERGENCY CONTACT PHONE NUMBERS Local: WTA President, John Atkielski 414-581-1222 WI Trapshooting Association 888-704-6588 Fire/EMS – Rome Fire Dept. 911 or 715-547-6170 DNR Representative-Peggy Neitzel 715-315-1564 County and Regional: Wood County Health Dept Contact 715-421-8911 Adams County Public Health Department 608-339-4505 Adams County Sheriff 911 or 608-339-3304 Adams County Emergency Management 608-339-4248 DNR-Regional Spill Coordinator-West Central Region 920-413-1390 State: DNR-State Spill Response 800-943-0003 State Lab of Hygiene 608-263-3280 WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 9 Figure 1 – Town of Rome Municipal Well Locations WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 10 Figure 2 – Groundwater Flow WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 11 Figure 3 – Zone of Contribution WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 12 Figure 4 – Potential Contaminant Sources WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 13 Figure 5 – Wellhead Protection Area WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 14 REFERENCES Baker, E.A., Juckem, P., Feinstein, D., Hart, D., 2025, A regional model comparison between MODPATH and MT3D of groundwater travel time distributions : Groundwater, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70024. Bradbury, K.R., Rothschild, E.R., 1985. A computerized technique for estimating the hydraulic conductivity of aquifer from specific capacity data: Ground Water vol. 23, No. 2. Bradbury, K. R., Swanson, K.S., Krohelski, J.T., Fritz, A.K., 1999. Hydrogeology of Dane County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Open-File Report 1999-04. Clayton, L, 1987. Pleistocene Geology of Adams County, Wisconsin: WGNHS Information Circular 59. Driscoll, F.G., 1986. Ground Water and Wells: Johnson Division, Signal Environmental Systems. Fienen, M.N., Haserodt, M.J., Leaf, A.T., and Westenbroek, S.M., 2022, Simulation of regional groundwater flow and groundwater/lake interactions in the Central Sands, Wisconsin : U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022 –5046, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225046. Hadley, D.W. and Pelham, J.H., 1976. Glacial Deposits of Wisconsin, Sand and Gravel Resources Potential: Scale 1:500,000 WGNHS State Map 10. Hart, D., McNelly, J., Central Sands Groundwater Tracker Web Application: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. Accessed 3/11/2026 Kammerer, P.A., 1981. Ground-Water-Quality Atlas of Wisconsin : Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Information Circular 39. Kammerer, P.A., Trotta, L.C., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Lidwin, R.A., 1998. Geolgoy, Ground-Water Flow, and Dissolved-Solids Concentrations in Ground Water Along Hydrogeologic Sections Through Wisconsin Aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA 731. Lippelt, I.D., 1981. Water Table Elevation, Adams County : Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Map MP81-1-plate01. Martin, L., 1965. The Physical Geography of Wisconsin (3d edition) : Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin Press. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey : Available online at https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/. Accessed 4/29/2026. WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 15 Appendix A – Potential Contaminant Source Inventory, Setbacks & List of Abbreviations Potential Contaminant Sources Within ½ Mile of the Trap Range Well #YJ322 See Figure 4 Code Potential Contaminant Sources Distance (ft) Direction Name/Owner 1 GSA Septic System 80 NE WI Trap Shooting Range 2 GSA Septic System 1,100 W WI Trap Shooting Northwest Drainfield 3 GSA Septic System 1,450 SW WI Trap Shooting Campground 4 GSA Septic System 1,650 S Greg Meinholz, 1315 Akron Drive 5 GWA Private Well 1,650 S Greg Meinholz, 1315 Akron Drive Potential Contaminant Sources Within ½ Mile of the Campground Well #YJ327 See Figure 4 Code Potential Contaminant Sources Distance (ft) Direction Name/Owner 1 GSA Septic System 400 SW WI Trap Shooting Campground 2 GSA Septic System 700 N/NW WI Trap Shooting Northwest Drainfield 3 GSA Septic System 1,150 NE WI Trap Shooting Range 4 GSA Septic System 1,200 SE Greg Meinholz, 1315 Akron Drive 5 GWA Private Well 1,250 SE Greg Meinholz, 1315 Akron Drive WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 16 WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 17 WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 18 WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 19 WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 20 Appendix B – Lithologic Logs and Well Construction Details WI Trapshooting Association Wellhead Protection Plan – April, 2026 21 JARED W. SMITH A TT OR N EY J S M I TH @B OA R D M A NC LA R K. CO M D I R EC T ( 6 08) 28 6 7 1 7 1 FAX ( 6 08) 28 3 1 7 0 9 MEMORANDUM TO: Town Board of the Town of Rome, Adams County FROM: Jared W. Smith DATE: May 19, 2026 RE: Procedure for Adoption of a Local Regulation of Boating Ordinance Background: For the last several years, the Town has been considering the impacts of certain artificial wake enhancements on Lake Arrowhead, Lake Camelot, and Lake Sherwood, and the adoption of an ordinance addressing these impacts. Such an ordinance would be adopted pursuant to the Town’s authority to enact local boating ordinances related to the equipment, use, or operation of boats (Wis. Stat. § 30.77). Adoption of a boating ordinance is a legislative action of the Town Board. Procedure: Before adopting a local boating ordinance, Wis. Stat. § 30.77 requires that the Town submit the draft ordinance to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) for the DNR’s advisory review. The DNR then has 20 days after receipt to advise the Town in writing of the results of its advisory review, including any suggested changes to the draft ordinance. The Town cannot take action to adopt the draft ordinance until at least 60 days after submitting the draft ordinance to the DNR. As part of seeking the DNR’s advisory review, the DNR recommends that a condition report setting forth the facts supporting the ordinance also be submitted. The condition report provides the need and justification for the ordinance. Items Before the Board: For consideration before the Board is a draft Ordinance and Condition Report supporting the creation of new Town of Rome Code of Ordinance sections prohibiting certain artificial wake enhancements on the Tri-Lakes. The agenda asks that the Board review and consider approval of the submittal of the draft Ordinance and draft Condition Report to the DNR for its advisory review. The Condition Report serves in part as the Board’s findings of fact supporting the draft Ordinance. This includes the Board’s findings that the Ordinance is necessary for public health, safety, welfare, and the public’s interest in preserving the state’s natural resources. Consequently, it is critical that the Board closely review the Condition Report and Ordinance prior to its approval and submittal. As proposed submittal drafts, the Board may accept the drafts as is or make such changes to the draft Condition Report or draft Ordinance as are deemed appropriate. Copies of the draft Condition Report and Ordinance were also included in the Board’s May 7, 2026, Board meeting packet.