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Agenda PSC - AGENDA 9-15-26.DOCX Packet PSC - PACKET 9-15-26.PDF 1. Documents: 1.I. Documents: Page 1 of 2 Public Safety Committe e Regular Meeting Notice and Agenda Village Hall 2417 Brewery Road Cross Plains, WI 53528 (608) 798-3241 T ues day , September 15 , 20 2 6 7 :0 0 pm The Village of Cross Plains will provide opportunities for the public to monitor the meeting virtually or by calling in. Please take note that the meeting will continue even if technical problems occur. The log in information is as follows: Zoom Virtual Meeting Link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84417173314 Conference telephone line: +1 312 626 6799 Meeting ID: 844 1717 3314 I. Call to Order : II. Roll Call : Cameron Bjorklund, Randy Swingen, Candace Montag, Kevin Engelien, and Tami Roll. III. Pledge of Allegiance : IV. Presentation s / Recognitions : V. Public Comment : This is an opportunity for anyone to address the committee on ANY issue. Please observe the time limit of 3 minutes. While the committee encourages input from residents, it may not discuss or act on any issue that is not duly noticed on the agenda. VI. Approval of Minutes from August 18 , 202 6 , PSC Meeting : VII. Report of PSC Officers : 1. Chairperson 2. Members 3. Special Guest s VIII. Report of First Responder s : 1. Cross Plains Area EMS Chief 2. Cross Plains Fire Chief 3. Cross Plains Police Chief Page 2 of 2 IX. Committee Discussion : 1. Discussion and Possible Action Regarding Village Comprehensive Plan Update 2. Discussion and Possible Action Regarding Village Ordinance Inspection Authority of Massage Parlors 3. Discussion and Possible Action Regarding Student and Traffic Flow on Evergreen Pkwy . X. Future Items of Discussion: XI. Schedule Next Meeting Date : October 20 , 202 6 , at 7pm X II. Adjournment : PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS WRITTEN: Send written comments by 12:00 p.m. on the Friday before the date of the meeting on any matter, either on or not on the agenda, by emailing truesga@crossplainspolicewi.com or in writing to the Cross Plains Police Department , 2417 Brewery Rd., Cross Plains, WI 53528. IN-PERSON: Public comment forms are available at the Board Room entrance. Please fill it out and hand it to staff prior to start of meeting. Comments are limited to three minutes per person and must be delivered at the designated microphone for recording purposes. Accommodation can be provided for those unable to access the microphone. VIRTUAL: When public comments are allowed, attendees on Zoom wishing to participate should click “ raise hand ” if on video or press *9 if on phone call. Attendees will be called on in the order in which hands are raised. Those wishing to provide oral comments remotely must have their full name displayed within the Zoom application and must state address of residence. Virtual comments are only allowed for those who reside, own or lease property in the Village of Cross Plains. Anonymous comments will not be allowed. As permitted by the Wisconsin open meetings law and while not required, the Public Safety Committee has chosen to allow public comments during their meetings. This is specifically listed on the agenda as PUBLIC COMMENT. The Public Safety Committee may not engage in discussion or act during this period but may consider deferring the subject to a later meeting with notice. This meeting notice constitutes an official meeting of the above-mentioned group and was posted in accordance with all applicable laws related to Open Meetings Law. It is possible that members of and possibly a quorum of members of other governmental bodies of the municipality may attend the above-mentioned meeting to gather information. No action will be taken by any governmental body at the above stated meeting other than the governmental body specifically referred to above in this notice. Upon reasonable notice, efforts will be made to accommodate the needs of disabled individuals. For additional information or to request this service, contact the Village Police Department at (608) 798- 4100 or truesga@crossplainspolicewi.com Page 1 of 3 Public Safety Committee Regular Meeting Minutes Village Hall 2417 Brewery Road Cross Plains, WI 53528 (608) 798-3241 Tuesday, August 18, 2026 7:00 pm I. Call to Order Meeting called to order at 7:00 pm by Cameron Bjorklund II. Roll Call Present: Cameron Bjorklund, Candace Montag , and Tami Roll. Excused absence: Kevin Engelien and Randy Swingen Also present: Chief Tony Ruesga, Chief Holly Ellickson, Sgt. Matt Hudson, Officer Taylor Fingerson, Officer Zach Esser, Seth Johnson, Laken Hansen, Courtney Lenzendorf, and Eugene Maier. III. Pledge of Allegiance IV. Presentations / Recognitions: Officer Taylor Fingers (Pro-active Traffic Enforcement Officer Zach Esser (Life Saving Award) V. Public Comment: – Seth Johnson spoke about the proposed 3 way stop signs on Evergreen Pkwy and eBike Ordinance. VI. Approval of Minutes from June 16, 2026, PSC Meeting: Motion by Roll, seconded by Montag, to approve minutes. All ayes. Motion carried. VII. Report of PSC Officers 1. Chairperson - Reported about the National Nightout Event and was appreciative of the event and the efforts from first responders and the committee. 2. Members - None 3. Special Guest - None Page 2 of 3 VIII. Report of First Responders 1. Cross Plains Area EMS Chief – Reported a total of 328 calls for the year. Reported the roof was replaced and the flooring will soon be replaced. Reported having 23 transfer calls 2. Cross Plains Fire Chief – No Report 3. Cross Plains Police Chief – Reported having over 3500 calls for service for the year. Reported Officer Reece Lehman began the police academy in August. Reported on the move process to the new police department. IX. Committee Discussion 1. Discussion and Possible Action Regarding Village Ordinance Inspection Authority of Massage Parlors. Motion by Roll, seconded by Montag, to send the draft ordinance proposal to Village Attorney for reviewed and return the item for discussion at the next PSC Meeting. All ayes. Motion carried. 2. Discussion and Possible Action Regarding no parking on Hillpoint Rd from Stone Valley Rd to Laufenberg Blvd. After some discussion, motion by Montag, seconded by Roll to recommend to the Village Board that they make a it a no parking zone on Hillpoint Road from Stone Valley Rd. to CTH P. All ayes. Motion carried. 3. Discussion and Possible Action Regarding a 3-way stop at Twin Pine and Evergreen. – No action taken requested to return the matter to the next PSC Meeting. 4. Discussion and Possible Action Regarding a Bicycle Ordinance. After some discussion, motion by Roll, seconded by Montag to recommend to the Village Board that they adopt the additions to Village Ordinance regarding Bicycles. All ayes. Motion carried. X. Future Items of Discussion Village Ordinance - Inspection Authority at Massage Parlors Student and Traffic Flow on Evergreen Pkwy. XI. Schedule Next Meeting Date Tuesday, September 15, 2026, at 7pm. Page 3 of 3 XII. Adjournment Motion by Montag, seconded by Roll, to adjourn. All ayes. Motion carried. Proper notice of this meeting was given to the public and posted on the public bulletin boards in accordance with the Open Meeting Law. Respectfully submitted, Tony Ruesga Jr. Chief of Police 1 Tony Ruesga From: Carly Persson <cpersson@cross-plains.wi.us> Sent: Tuesday, August 25, 2026 11:21 AM Subject: Comprehensive Plan Update - Committee Feedback Attachments: Cross Plains Comp Plan_Adopted_12.17.2018_202103021022445143.pdf Good morning, CommiƩee Chairs and Staff Liaisons, As discussed at last night’s Village Board meeƟng, we are beginning to update the Village’s Comprehensive Plan. This plan guides the Village’s short- and long-term growth and development and is required by state law to be updated at least once every 10 years. Our current plan was last updated in 2018, so the next update must be adopted by 2028. The first step is gathering feedback on the current plan. The Plan Commission and Sustainability CommiƩee have already idenƟfied a number of potenƟal changes, which are compiled here: Cross Plains Comp Plan - Proposed Changes.docx. For all other commiƩees, please add this item to your September meeƟng agenda and review the current plan and proposed changes. AddiƟonal edits or recommendaƟons can be added directly to the Word document or sent to me by October 1, 2026. Thank you, Carly Carly Persson Village Administrator and Economic Development Director Village of Cross Plains 2417 Brewery Rd. Cross Plains, WI 53528 Email: cpersson@cross-plains.wi.us Phone: 608-798-3241 x105 Cell: 608-370-0599 Website: www.cross-plains.wi.us Alert to Cross Plains Elected Officials and Members of Village CommiƩees, Boards, Commission and Task Forces: In order to comply with the Open MeeƟngs Act requirements, please limit any reply to only the sender of this electronic communicaƟon. Vandewalle & Associates Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Update Adopted: December 17, 2018 Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Table of Contents Adopted: December 17, 2018 i Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ v Amendments and Updates ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ vi Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 1 Purpose of this Plan ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Planning Process .......................................................................................................................................... 2 General Regional Context ............................................................................................................................ 2 Selection of the Planning Area ..................................................................................................................... 2 Map 1: Jurisdictional Boundaries ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 3 Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 5 General Demographic Trends ...................................................................................................................... 5 Population Trends ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 1: Population Trends, 1990 - 2016 .................................................................................................. 5 Figure 2: Village of Cross Plains Population Change 1970 - 2016 ............................................................... 6 Population Projections ................................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 3a: Village of Cross Plains Population Projections ........................................................................... 6 Figure 3b: Village of Cross Plains Population & Household Projections ..................................................... 6 Demographic Trends .................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4a. Age Distribution, Village of Cross Plains, 2016 .......................................................................... 7 Figure 4b. Age Distribution, Regional Comparison, 2016 ........................................................................... 7 Figure 5: Household Projections 2010-2040 .............................................................................................. 8 Public Participation Process ......................................................................................................................... 8 Goals, Objectives, Policies, Programs, and Recommendations .................................................................. 14 Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources ................................ ................................ .......... 15 Agricultural Resource Inventory ................................................................................................................. 15 Agricultural Resource Goals, Objectives, and Policies ................................................................................ 16 Agricultural Resource Programs and Recommendations ........................................................................... 17 Natural Resource Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 6: Threatened and Endangered Species of Dane County .............................................................. 21 Parks and Open Space Master Plan ............................................................................................................ 24 Natural Resource Goals, Objectives, and Policies ...................................................................................... 25 Natural Resources Programs and Recommendations ................................................................................ 27 Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Table of Contents Adopted: December 17, 2018 ii Figure 7: Example of Vegetative Buffer .................................................................................................... 28 Figure 8: Ice Age Trail Route .................................................................................................................... 30 Map 2: Ag, Open Space, and Environmental Corridors................................ ................................ .............. 31 Cultural Resources Inventory ..................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 9: Cross Plains Properties on the Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory ......................... 34 Cultural Resources Goals, Objectives, and Policies .................................................................................... 34 Cultural Resource Programs and Recommendations ................................................................................. 35 Chapter Three: Land Use ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 37 Existing Land Use ....................................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 10: Existing Land Uses, 2018 ......................................................................................................... 39 Map 3: Existing Land Use ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 41 Figure 11: Residential Building Permits (2012 - 2018) ............................................................................. 43 Projected Demand for Future Land Uses ................................................................................................... 44 Figure 12: Projected Land Use Demand (Acres) ....................................................................................... 44 Land Use Goals, Objectives, and Policies ................................................................................................... 45 Residential Land Use Categories ................................................................................................................ 47 Figure 13: Planned Neighborhoods .......................................................................................................... 52 Non-Residential Land Use Categories ........................................................................................................ 52 Figure 14: Appropriate Historic Main Street Development ...................................................................... 56 Rural/Environmental Land Use Categories ................................................................................................ 60 Other Land Use Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 64 Map 4a: Future Land Use – Village ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 65 Map 4b: Future Land Use - ETJ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 67 Chapter Four: Transportation ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 69 Existing Transportation Facilities ................................................................................................................ 69 Figure 15: Vehicular Traffic Flows for Selected Road Segments Annual Average Daily Traffic ................. 69 Figure 16: Travel Time to Work ................................................................................................................ 71 Review of State and Regional Transportation Plans ................................................................................... 71 Transportation Goals, Objectives, and Policies .......................................................................................... 74 Transportation Programs and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 76 Map 5: Transportation, Utilities, and Community Facilities Map ................................ ............................... 79 Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities ................................ ................................ .......................... 81 Existing Utilities and Community Facilities Conditions ............................................................................... 81 Figure 17: Middleton-Cross Plains School District .................................................................................... 84 Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Table of Contents Adopted: December 17, 2018 iii Figure 18: Village of Cross Plains Existing Parkland 2018 ......................................................................... 85 Utilities and Community Facilities Goals, Objectives, and Policies ............................................................. 86 Utilities and Community Facilities Programs and Recommendations ........................................................ 88 Figure 19: Timetable to Expand, Rehabilitate, or Create New Community Utilities or Facilities .............. 90 Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development................................ ................................ ................ 91 Existing Housing Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 91 Figure 20: Housing Age Comparison ........................................................................................................ 91 Figure 21: Village of Cross Plains Unit Structure, 2016 ............................................................................ 92 Figure 22: Housing Values, 2016 .............................................................................................................. 93 Figure 23: Village of Cross Plains Housing Occupancy, 2016.................................................................... 94 Figure 24: Village of Cross Plains Housing Tenure, 2016 .......................................................................... 94 Figure 25: Total Households 2000 - 2010 ................................................................................................ 95 Figure 26: Recent Residential Building Permits (2012– 2018) ................................................................. 95 Housing Programs ...................................................................................................................................... 95 Housing and Neighborhood Development Goals, Objectives, and Policies ............................................... 96 Housing and Neighborhood Development Programs and Recommendations ........................................... 98 Figure 27: Desired Multiple Family Residential Project Layout .............................................................. 100 Chapter Seven: Economic Development ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 101 Existing Economic Development Framework ........................................................................................... 101 Figure 28: Cross Plains Civilian Labor Force ........................................................................................... 101 Figure 29: Labor Force and Unemployment, Madison MSA, 2006 - 2017 ............................................. 102 Figure 30: Employment by Industry ....................................................................................................... 103 Figure 31: Educational Attainment Village of Cross Plains ..................................................................... 104 Figure 32: Household Income in 2016 ................................................................................................... 105 Figure 33: Projected Employees by Industry 2014-2024 ........................................................................ 106 Figure 34: 2010 Local Employment Village of Cross Plains .................................................................... 107 Economic Development Programs ........................................................................................................... 108 Strengths and Weaknesses for Economic Development .......................................................................... 109 Commercial Sites...................................................................................................................................... 110 Environmentally Contaminated Sites ....................................................................................................... 110 Economic Development Goals, Objectives and Policies ........................................................................... 111 Economic Development Programs and Recommendations ..................................................................... 112 Figure 35: Redevelopment Planning and Implementation Process ........................................................ 114 Figure 36: Indoor Retail, Service, and Community Facility Conceptual Development Layout ................ 117 Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Table of Contents Adopted: December 17, 2018 iv Figure 37: Neighborhood Business, Community Facilities, Mixed-Use Conceptual Development Layout .............................................................................................................................. 117 Figure 38: Industrial Conceptual Development Layout .......................................................................... 119 Chapter Eight: Intergovernmental Cooperation ................................ ................................ ......................... 121 The Village of Cross Plains Intergovernmental Relationships ................................................................... 121 Intergovernmental Cooperation Goals, Objectives, and Policies ............................................................. 122 Intergovernmental Cooperation Programs and Recommendations ........................................................ 123 Chapter Nine: Implementation ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 127 Plan Adoption ........................................................................................................................................... 127 Plan Monitoring and Advancement ......................................................................................................... 127 Plan Administration .................................................................................................................................. 127 Plan Amendments .................................................................................................................................... 129 Plan Update .............................................................................................................................................. 130 Consistency Among Plan Elements .......................................................................................................... 130 Implementation Programs and Recommendations ................................................................................. 131 Figure 39: Implementation Programs and Recommendations .............................................................. 132 Appendix A: Public Participation Plan ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 133 Appendix B: Future Land Use and Zoning Districts ................................ ................................ ..................... 135 Appendix C: Public Hearing Notice ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 136 Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Acknowledgements Adopted: December 17, 2018 v Acknowledgements Plan Commission Village Board Pat Andreoni, Chairperson Clifford Zander Randy Case Todd DuQuette Eric Padrutt Bud Busch Kevin Thusius Pat Andreoni, Village President Bud Busch Sarah Francois Michael Pomykalski Lee Sorensen Jeanne Statz Kevin Thusius Village Staff Caitlin Stene, Administrator/Clerk-Treasurer Jerry Gray, Public Facilities Michael Axon, Parks & Recreation Pam Bosben, Library Bobbi Zauner, Finance Director Chief Tom Janssen, Police Department Brian Berquist, Town & Country Engineering Planning and Design Assistance by: VANDEWALLE & ASSOCIATES, INC Mike Slavney, FAICP, Principal Planner Jackie Mich, AICP, Associate Planner Meredith Perks, Assistant Planner Daniel Eckberg, GIS Specialist Nicole Anderson, Planning Assistant 120 East Lakeside Street Madison, WI 53715 (608) 255-3988 www.vandewalle.com Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Amendments and Updates Adopted: December 17, 2018 vi Amendments and Updates This Plan was originally adopted on June 9, 2008. This Plan was subsequently amended on:  October 8, 2012  May 20, 2013  May 19, 2014  September 11, 2017 This Plan was originally fully updated on December 17, 2018 in accordance with state statutes. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Introduction Adopted: December 17, 2018 1 Introduction The Village of Cross Plains is a unique community characterized by rich natural resources, traditional neighborhoods, and small-town character. The Village is located approximately twelve miles west of Madison and the tremendous economic and cultural opportunities found in the greater Madison area. Over the last fifteen years, the Village’s population has been increasing steadily - presenting both opportunities and challenges. Growth can provide an increased tax base and a more diverse economic environment. However, as population increases, so does the demand on municipal services. In this context, planned development in a controlled, orderly, and predictable manner will enhance the Village’s ability to retain its small-town character, avoid land use conflicts, provide housing and appropriate employment opportunities, and protect its natural and cultural resources. Purpose of this Plan This 2018 Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan is intended to help the Village guide short-range and long-range growth and development. The purposes of this Comprehensive Plan are to:  Identify areas appropriate for development and preservation over the next 20 years;  Recommend appropriate types of land use for specific areas in the Village;  Preserve natural, cultural, and agricultural resources in and around the Village;  Identify needed transportation and community facilities to serve future land uses;  Direct housing and commercial investments in the Village; and  Provide strategies to implement Plan recommendations. The Plan is organized into chapters that specifically address each of the nine elements required by the State of Wisconsin. Each chapter presents background information on the element it is addressing (e.g. Transportation, Land Use, and Economic Development) and then presents an outline of the Village’s goals, objectives, and policies for that element. These documented policies are the basis for the programs and recommendations that are presented at the end of each chapter. The final chapter of the document (Implementation) indicates proposed strategies and implementation timelines to ensure that the recommendations presented in this Plan become a reality. PLAN ADOPTION PROCESS Preparation of a comprehensive plan is authorized under §66.1001, Wisconsin Statutes. Before adoption, a Plan must go through a formal public hearing and review process. The Plan Commission adopts by resolution a public hearing draft of the Plan and recommends that the Village Board enact an ordinance adopting the Plan as the Village’s official Comprehensive Plan. Following Plan Commission approval, the Village Board holds a public hearing to discuss the proposed ordinance adopting the Plan. Copies of the public hearing draft of the Plan are forwarded to a list of local and state governments for review. A Class 1 notice must precede the public hearing at least 30 days before the hearing. The notice must include a summary of the Plan and information concerning where the entire document may be inspected or obtained. The Board may then adopt the ordinance approving the Plan as the Village’s official Comprehensive Plan. This formal, well-publicized process facilitates broad support of plan goals and recommendations. Consideration by both the Plan Commission and Village Board assures that both bodies understand and endorse the Plan’s recommendations. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Introduction Adopted: December 17, 2018 2 Planning Process This Comprehensive Plan is being prepared under the State of Wisconsin’s comprehensive planning legislation, adopted in 1999 and contained in §66.1001, Wisconsin Statutes. This Plan meets all of the statutory elements and requirements of the comprehensive planning law. After 2010, only those plans that contain the nine required elements and adopted under the state’s prescribed procedures will have legal standing. In order to provide sound public policy guidance, a comprehensive planning process should incorporate inclusive public participation procedures to ensure that final Plan recommendations reflect a broadly supported vision for the community. This Comprehensive Plan was created through a process designed to inform and involve Village residents. The process incorporated a variety of opportunities for public participation, included those outlined in Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities. General Regional Context Map 1 shows the relationship of the Village to neighboring communities in the region. The Village is located in western Dane County and is bordered on the north by the Town of Berry and bordered to the west, south, and east by the Town of Cross Plains. Selection of the Planning Area The planning area includes all lands currently within the Village’s municipal limits, and the unincorporated areas within the Village’s 1.5-mile extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ). The total planning area contains about 20 square miles as illustrated in Map 1. Within the ETJ, state statutes enable the Village to plan for those areas that bear relation to the Village’s development, review subdivisions, enact extraterritorial zoning, and implement an official map. The ETJ expands automatically as annexations occur, hence the need for this Plan to consider and make recommendations for the area located beyond the current ETJ limits. Black EarthCreek Black Earth Creek Enchanted Valley Rd Schneider Rd Airport Rd Rocky Dell Rd StagecoachRd Old Sauk Pass Rd Stagecoach Rd Hidden Valley Rd Observatory RdBraun Rd Garfoot Rd ScherbelRd Kahl Rd Scherbel Rd G arfoot Rd Park St W Brew ery Rd N Hill Point Rd Thinnes St G ils W ay Church St Bourbon Rd Valley St Luden Dr Hillside Tr Westview Ct Elmwood Cir Round Table Way Hickory Hills St Julius St Laufenberg Blvd Scheele Rd Military Rd Center St East St Hillebrand Dr Main St Caesar St M ill St Martin St Bollenbeck St Hickory St M arvin Ct Woodside Dr Esser St Allie's Ln M arket St SaintFrancesSt Stone Valley Rd Scheele Rd Main St Pleasant View LnSaeman St Airport Rd Church St Thinnes St Main St Town of Cross Plains Town of M iddleton Town of Berry Town of Springfield 25 8 61 9 7 34 25 14 11 26 1517 16 35 3633 10 32 13 28 27 18 34 30 12 31 29 19 MIDDLETON-CROSS PLAINS SCHOOL DISTRICT WISCONSIN HEIGHTS SCHOOL DISTRICT Date: July 24, 2018 Sources: Dane Co. LIO, CARPC, Vandewalle & Associates ° ")KP ")KP ")P ")P ")P £¤14 £¤14 ")KP ")KP £¤14 0 0.5 10.25 Miles Shaping places, shaping change VANDEWALLE & ASSOCIATES INC. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Map 1: Jurisdictional Boundaries Railroads Village of Cross Plains Village of Cross Plains Extraterritorial Boundary (1.5 Mile) Surface Water Town Boundaries!! ! ! !! School District Boundaries Urban Service Boundaries ! ! ! ! !! Section Boundaries Major Roads Local Roads # Village of Cross Plains ETJ Boundary by 1/4 - 1/4 Section Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Introduction Adopted: December 17, 2018 4 Page intentionally left blank Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 5 Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities General Demographic Trends  The Village, Dane County and many of the surrounding communities have relatively low unemployment rates, particularly compared with the State’s 5.5 percent unemployment rate.  The Village of Cross Plains has a relatively young population, with a lower median age than the State as a whole. According to the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS), nearly one third of the population is between the ages of 20 and 44.  Cross Plains’ population is well educated, per the results of the 2016 ACS. More than 60 percent of the population has at least some college education, as compared to 59 percent of the statewide population.  Per the 2016 ACS, Cross Plains has a median income of $79,643, which is higher than Dane County and the State of Wisconsin, but lower than the surrounding Towns of Cross Plains and Berry.  The average household size in the Village of Cross Plains is 2.55 people, larger than both Dane County and the State of Wisconsin. The Village also has a higher homeownership rate (70 percent) than the County and the State. Population Trends The US Census shows that the Village of Cross Plains continued to see steady population growth from 2000 to 2010 (Figure 1). This growth outpaced surrounding communities as well as Dane County and the State of Wisconsin as a whole. Figure 1: Population Trends, 1990 - 2016 1990 2000 2010 2016 Estimate 2000 - 2010 Percent Change Village of Cross Plains 2,362 3,084 3,538 3,914 14.7% Town of Cross Plains 1,320 1,419 1,507 1,670 6.2% Town of Berry 1,248 1,084 1,127 1,201 4.0% City of Middleton 13,289 15,770 17,442 18,707 10.6% City of Madison 191,262 208,054 233,209 246,034 12.1% Dane County 367,085 426,526 488,073 516,818 14.4% Wisconsin 4,891,769 5,363,675 5,686,986 5,754,798 6.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 6 From 1970 through 2016, the Village of Cross Plains grew by 2,436 people. This represents a total increase of 165 percent over 46 years, as shown in Figure 2. The Village has experienced substantial growth in the last 26 years, with an approximate 66 percent increase in population between 1990 and 2016. Figure 2: Village of Cross Plains Population Change 1970 - 2016 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 Percent Change 1990 - 2016 1,478 2,156 2,362 3,084 3,538 3,914 65.7% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Population Projections Three different sets of population projections are depicted in Figure 3a. Using the U.S. Census Bureau 2016 population estimate (3,914) as a baseline, the table projects the 22-year population, at 5-year intervals. For the purposes of this Plan, linear growth based on the number of new residents in Cross Plains from 2000-2016 will be used to calculate future park needs (see highlighted row in Table 3a). Figure 3a: Village of Cross Plains Population Projections Source 2018 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Wisconsin Department of Administration Population Projections 3,855 3,795 3,965 4,125 4,230 4,320 Linear Growth (based on number of new residents per year from 1990-2016) 4,054 4,193 4,543 4,892 5,241 5,590 Linear Growth (based on number of new residents per year from 2000-2016) 4,018 4,122 4,381 4,640 4,900 5,159 Source: Wisconsin Department of Administration, U.S. Census, Vandewalle & Associates projections. Figure 3b: Village of Cross Plains Population & Household Projections Source 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Linear Growth (based on number of new residents per year from 2000- 2016) 2,538 3,834 4,122 4,381 4,640 4,900 5,159 Projected Household Size (DOA) 2.55 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.43 2.41 2.39 Household Projections 994 1,529 1,664 1,786 1,086 2,034 2,156 Source: Wisconsin Department of Administration, U.S. Census, Vandewalle & Associates projections. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 7 Demographic Trends Age Distribution Figure 4b compares the age distribution of several communities in Dane County and the State. The median age for the Village of Cross Plains is 38.1 years. This figure is slightly higher than Dane County and the City of Madison, which are likely impacted by the number university students, but considerably lower than most of the comparable surrounding communities listed in the table, suggesting a relatively young population overall. Of note, roughly one third of Village residents are between 20 and 44 years old, representing potential young professionals and families with young children. Additionally, nearly 25 percent of the population is over the age of 55, a group that will likely require services and amenities that can accommodate seniors and facilitate aging in place. Figure 4a. Age Distribution, Village of Cross Plains, 2016 Village of Cross Plains Total Population 3,914 Median Age 38.1 Age Population Percentage Age Population Percentage Under 5 years 240 6% 45 to 54 years 603 15% 5 to 9 years 342 9% 55 to 59 years 297 8% 10 to 14 years 338 9% 60 to 64 years 239 6% 15 to 19 years 176 4% 65 to 74 years 249 6% 20 to 24 years 158 4% 75 to 84 years 142 4% 25 to 34 years 551 14% 85 years+ 24 1% 35 to 44 years 555 14% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 4b. Age Distribution, Regional Comparison, 2016 Village of Cross Plains Town of Cross Plains Town of Berry City of Middleton City of Madison Dane County Wisconsin Total Population 3,914 1,670 1,201 18,707 246,034 516,818 5,754,798 Median Age 38.1 48.1 50.4 38.8 30.8 34.7 39.1 Under 5 years 6% 7% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 5 to 9 years 9% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 10 to 14 years 9% 5% 5% 6% 4% 6% 6% 15 to 19 years 4% 5% 5% 7% 8% 7% 7% 20 to 24 years 4% 6% 4% 8% 16% 10% 7% 25 to 34 years 14% 11% 6% 14% 19% 16% 13% 35 to 44 years 14% 6% 13% 12% 12% 13% 12% 45 to 54 years 15% 19% 15% 13% 10% 13% 14% 55 to 59 years 8% 11% 11% 7% 5% 6% 7% 60 to 64 years 6% 9% 11% 8% 5% 6% 6% 65 to 74 years 6% 10% 13% 9% 6% 7% 8% 75 to 84 years 4% 5% 6% 4% 3% 3% 5% 85 years+ 1% 2% 0% 1% 2% 2% 2% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 8 Household Trends and Projections Figure 5 shows household projections for the Village through the year 2040, which was calculated using the projected number of new households from Figure 3b. These projections were informed by the Wisconsin Department of Administration (DOA), which provided the household size projections, while Village used its own estimate for the projected number of households. Based on the Village’s projections, the Village will have 2,156 households in 2040, or approximately 1,100 additional households than in 2010. For the purposes of planning, household projections are translated into an estimated demand for additional housing units. It should be noted that the demand for future housing units will be based not only on increases in population, but also on fluctuations in the Village’s average household size (see Figure 3b). For example, as household sizes decreases, as is projected for the Village, more housing units will be needed to meet housing demands. Figure 5: Household Projections 2010-2040 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 994 1,529 1,664 1,786 1,086 2,034 2,156 Source: Wisconsin Department of Administration, U.S. Census, Vandewalle & Associates projections Additional details on housing trends can be found in Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development. Education and Employment Trends Detailed information on education and employment trends can be found in Chapter Seven: Economic Development. Public Participation Process Comprehensive Plan Public Opinion Survey As part of the public planning process for the 2018 Comprehensive Plan Update, the Village of Cross Plains completed a public survey from June to July 2018. This survey gathered input from citizens regarding, planning challenges, community priorities, and desired land uses. The Village received 236 survey responses. Some of the major findings include:  Homeowners and households with minor children represent the overwhelming majority of respondents in the sample so for a small set of issues, mainly dealing with housing and some programming interests, the results may not adequately reflect the views of renters or households without children, like seniors, in Cross Plains.  Respondents were a mix of new (23 percent) and long-time residents (27 percent), which provides varied perspectives on the Village’s character and amenities. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 9  Respondents identified a number of areas they felt were lacking in Cross Plains compared to other communities, including the lack of senior housing options, limited amenities and local commercial opportunities, including retail and dining, transportation and mobility limitations, in particular the lack of bus service, and the high cost of utilities and taxes.  58 percent of citizens responded that they were satisfied with the quality of life in the Village and felt that it had been consistent over the last five years, without any significant declines or improvements. 42 percent of respondents saw an increase in the Village’s walkability through a more complete sidewalk network as an improvement to quality of life as well.  58 percent of respondents strongly favored the Village hosting a major event, similar to the previous World’s Fair event, that would serve as a signature for the community, a point of pride for residents and an attraction for visitors.  In considering economic strategies for the Village, 46 percent of respondents were in favor of redeveloping existing commercial, office, and industrial areas, and 32 percent are looking to the Village to take a proactive approach to economic development, including attracting new jobs in emerging, high growth sectors, like information technology and bio-technology.  When asked about the types of businesses they would like to see in the Village, respondents strongly supported a mix of business that serve the local population, like sit-down restaurants (78 percent), a hardware store (81 percent), specialty shops (39 percent), personal services (36 percent), and locally owned businesses (74 percent). A third of respondents also suggested attracting businesses that would provide expanded employment in the Village, like research and development facilities, information technology businesses, light manufacturing, and professional and corporate offices. This mix of businesses and interests represents a split that was identified throughout the public participation process.  The primary transportation issues identified in the survey are pedestrian and bicycle safety as well as access to transportation alternatives besides personal automobiles, including expanded options for walking and biking, and the condition and maintenance of roads.  Housing concerns discussed in the survey focused on attracting new residents to existing homes, improving and modernizing existing housing and expanding senior housing options.  According to survey responses 52 percent of citizens see increased recycling and waste reduction as a way for the Village to be more sustainable, while 46 percent support energy efficient design and construction, and 37 percent favor redevelopment and infill construction as ways methods to increase sustainability.  In light of the Village’s significant natural assets, including Black Earth Creek and numerous hillside conservation areas, residents find preservation and protection of Cross Plains’ natural resources important, and 80 percent indicate that they are most concerned with the preservation of Village’s water quality, its scenic views, and expansive woodlands.  Survey respondents were asked to identify community facility needs, indicating which facilities were limited in the Village. Responses range from park system facilities, like a dog park, bike trails and paths, basketball courts, restrooms in parks, a splash pad, and indoor recreational facilities, to placemaking improvements like an outdoor performance venue and public art.  The survey also asked respondents to rank the parks and recreation programs most important to them. The top result was youth sports programs, second was special events and festivals, third was youth learn-to-swim programs, and fourth was adult fitness and wellness programs.  40 percent of survey respondents were willing to prioritize developing new walking and biking facilities to create a more connected network, 33 percent felt acquiring land for conservation was a Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 10 top priority, and 35 percent favored developing a new outdoor pool facility to replace the existing, outdated pool at Municipal Park.  Finally, survey respondents indicated goals they were willing to prioritize and allocate resources to, including tax dollars. These goals include maintaining reasonable property taxes, enhancing economic development, and improving bicycle and pedestrian facilities. Residents also expressed a willingness to allocate resources to increasing the Village’s sustainability, improving educational opportunities for all ages, and enhancing recreational programming. Additional themes and areas of priority were also revealed in the written comments to the survey. Emergent concerns included:  The need for a community center in the Village  The lack of a dog park in the current parks and open space system  A need for more senior housing options, including affordable options for seniors looking to downsize their home but stay in the community  Improvements to pedestrian facilities as well as expanding bike networks  The importance of business attraction, particularly downtown businesses like a hardware store and more varied dining options  The desire for a signature community event or festival and the need to establish a Village identity or brand that sets Cross Plains apart from other Villages in the region  More sports fields, including soccer, lacrosse, and baseball  Concerns about the high costs of property taxes and fees, including water and sewer Plan Commission Meetings Plan Commission meetings are generally held monthly, official public notices are published before each meeting, and public comments are accepted at every meeting. Village Staff and consultants presented the Comprehensive Plan three times over the course of the planning process. At these meetings, draft progress was shared as well as input from the public participation process. Staff and consultants also discussed key policy questions that required Plan Commission feedback and determinations. These decisions included changing the industrial area to the northeast of the Village to Planned Neighborhood on the Future Land Use Map (Maps 4a and 4b), in light of the Village’s priority to focus on local serving businesses and economic development, rather than the establishment of a business park, as was recommended in the previous Comprehensive Plan. The Plan Commission also discussed and determined the appropriate future growth areas to be shown on the Future Land Use Map. Public Visioning Workshop A public workshop was held on June 7, 2018 at the Cross Plains-Berry Fire Station. Attendees participated in exercises to share feedback and highlight community priorities for the Plan. Workshop participants were asked to share what they valued most about Cross Plains, what challenges the Village faces, and what opportunities they see in the Village. Top Assets Included: • Small-town, community feel • Natural resources and environmental assets • Recreational opportunities • Public services (Police and Fire) • Park system • Safety • Middleton-Cross Plains School District Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 11 Top Challenges Included: • Growth and interest in community and geographical constraints • No signature Village event; dwindling community activities • Dated community facilities (pool, police station, village hall) • Maintaining Village character with new development • Engaging residents, particularly new residents, in Village affairs • Lack of businesses or self-sustaining economy, particularly on Main Street • Lack of maintenance of commercial buildings Top Opportunities Included: • Location in a high growth region • Cross Plains has unique character in Dane County • Relative affordability • Trails, parks, natural assets attract visitors • High levels of interest from potential residents • Unique natural assets can be core to Village’s identity • Build a Village brand or identity to set it apart • Expand connectivity • High-value land now has developer interest Following discussion and consensus on many of the issues summarized above, small groups were asked to identify areas in and around the Village that they thought should be emphasized in the Comprehensive Plan. Each small group marked up a map of the Village to indicate areas of concern or areas where opportunities exist. They were asked to identify new road connections, new bicycle/pedestrian facilities, infill and redevelopment sites, preservation areas, gathering places, and transportation issues. A summary of this input is as follows: • Key infill and redevelopment sites included Glacier’s Edge Square, the Bourbon Road industrial area that abuts the railroad tracks, and properties along Main Street and Mill Creek Parkway. • Key gathering places include Zander Park and the Black Earth Creek, Village Hall, and Glacier's Edge Square as the former location of the Village Farmers Market. • Areas to be preserved included lands to the west of the Village, along USH 14, as well as north of the Village. • Transportation issues were identified at Brewery Road and Baer Street and also at Laufenberg Boulevard and Saint Francis Street. • New or improved road connections were suggested on the east side of the Village to connect the neighborhoods north of Thinnes Street along the east side of Glacier Creek Middle School to Evergreen Parkway and USH 14, as well as a connection from Church Street east to Airport Road. • Participants recommended connecting the Village to communities to the east and west via multi- use trails that travel along USH 14 to the south of the Village and connect to Airport Road in the east. Additionally, paths or designated bike routes were recommended in the Village’s Main Street to connect Park Elementary School to Glacier Creek Middle School and the surrounding residential areas, providing a safe network for children and families that walk or bicycle to school and other community facilities. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 12 Participants were also asked to identify locations that would be appropriate for new residential, commercial, or industrial development. A summary of this input is as follow: • New residential development was suggested in greenfield areas north of the Village, east of Springfield Road as well as west of Brewery Road. New residential was also identified east of Glacier Creek Middle School, north of Saint Francis Catholic Church and School, and southeast along CTH KP. • New commercial development was recommended west of the Village along USH 14 and to the northeast along CTH P. • None of the participant groups suggested locations for new industrial development, however, discussions did recommend improving the industrial space along Bourbon Road as well as the possibility of a business park that could accommodate light industrial businesses. Finally, participants were also asked to share their top priorities for the Village to address over the next decade. The group developed a list of priorities, and then each person was provided five sticky dots to place next to their preferred priorities. Participants could place as many dots as they would like next to any given priority. Top priorities included (in order of the most highly-rated): 1. New Village Hall/Community Center 2. Economic Development Attracting Small and Mid-Sized Businesses 3. Proactive Residential Planning 4. Downtown Commercial Infill 5. Long-term Conservation 6. Maintenance of Properties 7. Residential Growth Focus Groups and Interviews Stakeholder interviews with interest groups were conducted on June 7, 2018. Seven groups were identified by the Village staff and consulted on issues including, economic development, local businesses, environmental, recreation and sports leagues, and community development. Over the course of the day, approximately 20 individuals participated in these discussions. A summary of interview comments is included below: Economic Development and Local Businesses • Pleased with the reconstruction of Main Street, but disappointed by the loss of street parking for businesses. • Public improvements to Zander Park and the Black Earth Creek have created a regional draw to the Village that should be embraced and expanded. • Excited about the interest in the Village and the population growth. Need to engage new residents and bring them into Village life. • Village needs to encourage more use of Main Street businesses, by residents and visitors, and expand options to provide more alternatives for people to stop. • Currently, residents and others in the region are pulled to larger communities like Middleton for shopping and dining, especially families with students that utilize schools and other facilities in those areas. • If Cross Plains wants to attract businesses, need to have more versatile space available. • Lack of business park makes attracting employers difficult • Need a strong community identity. Efforts are underway through the Gateway to the Driftless committee. • Several redevelopment opportunities exist in the Village, in particular Glacier’s Edge Square, which is poorly maintained, continually has commercial vacancies and the gathering space needed to realize its intended purpose as a mixed-use development. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 13 Environmental • Excited by the improvements to Zander Park and remediation of the creek. • The park system is excellent. • Village should expand connectivity between parks for bicyclists and pedestrians. • Village has strong conservation ordinances, need to continue stewardship and protection of its unique natural assets. • Village needs to establish its unique identity and its natural resources should be at the core of that identity and brand. Emphasize all of the natural and recreational opportunities in the Village. Recreation and Sports Leagues • Some park facilities could be improved with electricity and shelters to make them more usable. • The Village has a shortage of playfields for sports, including soccer, lacrosse, and baseball. • Existing baseball fields need improvement in order to attract more participants in the baseball program, which has been stagnant. • Zander Park needs a strong gathering place. • The recreational programming is very strong. • Pool facility is outdated and needs major repairs or relocation. Community Development • Disappointed by the lack of community center • Community needs a strong identity or brand and rebuild a signature community event to enhance Village pride. • Village needs to get more residents, especially new residents, involved in community activities and invested in the Village. • Great partnerships exist between Village organizations, including the Middleton-Cross Plains School District, Northwest Dane Senior Services, the Life Foundation, and the Village. Groups should continue these relationships and expand collaborations. • Several public facilities need updating including, Village Hall, the Police Station, the Library, and the Pool. Public Hearing The final approval process included a public hearing on December 17, 2018, preceded by a 30-day comment period prior to adoption in accordance with State Statute. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter One: Issues and Opportunities Adopted: December 17, 2018 14 Goals, Objectives, Policies, Programs, and Recommendations Each subsequent chapter of this Comprehensive Plan Update includes goals, objectives, policies, programs, and recommendations that will provide direction and policy guidance to Plan Commission members, Village Board members, residents, and other interested groups and individuals for the next 20+ years. Goals, objectives, policies, programs, and recommendations are defined below: Goals are broad, advisory statements that express general public priorities about how the Village should approach development issues. Goals are based on key issues and opportunities that are affecting the Village. Objectives more specifically identify future direction. By accomplishing an objective, the Village moves closer to achieving its goals. Policies are rules or courses of action implemented to achieve specific objectives. Village staff and officials should use policies on a day-to-day basis when making decisions. Programs are specific projects or services that are intended to move the Village toward achieving its goals, objectives, and policies. Recommendations provide detailed information regarding how to implement objectives, policies, and programs. VILLAGE OF CROSS PLAINS OVERALL VISION Looking forward to 2035 and beyond, the Village desires a safe, clean, attractive and prosperous community that residents of all ages are proud to call home. There will be available a range of housing choices by price and features and a sustainable business environment. The rich natural resources of the Village and surrounding countryside, and the Black Earth Creek in particular, will continue to be a defining feature of the community due to careful preservation efforts. Residents and visitors alike will be able to travel freely throughout the community by car, bike, or foot, and commuter transit service to Madison will reinforce the strong economic relationship with the metropolitan area. Though ties with Madison will strengthen, the Village will retain its character and identity. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 15 Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources This chapter of the Comprehensive Plan contains background data, goals, objectives, policies, and recommended programs for agricultural preservation, natural resource conservation, and cultural resource protection. Agricultural Resources Agricultural Resource Inventory Traditionally, the Village of Cross Plains served the surrounding agricultural hinterland as a local service center and collection point for agricultural products that were grown and harvested in the Towns of Berry and Cross Plains. The Village’s reliance upon agriculture has lessened over time as the Village has increasingly turned into a bedroom community for the Madison urban area. While the economic reliance upon agriculture has diminished, rolling farmland still dominates the landscape around the Village and is an important aspect of the local sense of place. Dane County is one of the most productive agricultural counties in Wisconsin. At the same time, according to the American Farmland Trust, the County is in the third most threatened farm area in the country. According to the Capital Area Regional Planning Commission’s Regional Trends 2016: Agricultural Resources Plan, Dane County has lost farm and forest land at a steady rate of about 17 percent since 1980. Two powerful forces are working together to contribute to the farmland loss in Dane County: 1) the rapid pace of development and; 2) market forces and federal policies that make it increasingly difficult for many farmers to make profits. The State of Wisconsin, in order to protect farms and farmland, created Wisconsin’s Farmland Preservation Program. Under this program, the state provides income tax credits to farm owners who keep their property in agricultural use. The law allows an income tax credit for landowners in counties with Farmland Preservation Plans and who have land zoned for exclusive agricultural use. The amount of credit is determined by a formula based on the household income of the farmland owner, the amount of property tax, and the type of land use provisions protecting the farmland (e.g. Farmland Preservation Plans and Exclusive Agricultural Zoning). A county agriculture preservation plan is required for participation in the program. The plans contain statements of policy regarding preservation of agricultural lands, urban growth, the provision of public facilities and the protection of significant natural resource, open space, scenic, historic or architectural areas. The Dane County Farmland Preservation Plan, adopted by the County Board on December 3, 1981, is largely a compilation of town land use plans. This compilation was updated in the 2012 Dane County Comprehensive Plan. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Work with surrounding Towns and through current regulations to limit the conversion of farmland in areas not identified for development in this Plan.  Promote farmland preservation through strategies that ensure the economic viability of future agricultural operations. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 16 Soil Type, Composition, and Drainage Soil suitability is a key factor in determining the best and most cost-effective locations for new urban growth. The majority of the Cross Plains urban service area is covered by soils well-suited for urban development, including 19 percent of Type 1 and 2 percent of Type 2 soils. The soil erosion rate within Cross Plains is less than four tons per acre per year (TAY). However, the Village is surrounded by highly erodible soils, with erosion rates greater than 10 TAY. To maintain the farmland and the quality of the Black Earth Creek, farmers need to continue to use enhanced soil conservation techniques. Developers should observe the Village’s Erosion, Sediment and Water Runoff Control Ordinance to safeguard against increased future erosion and to protect the Black Earth Creek. Agricultural Resource Goals, Objectives, and Policies Goals: 1. Protect agricultural lands and resources in areas in the Village’s planning area, until such time as urban development (served by public sanitary sewer and water systems) in the Village is warranted. Objectives: 1. Recognize the value of farmland for its economic and open space values. 2. Protect farm operations from incompatible land uses and activities that may adversely affect the capital investment in agricultural land, improvements, and equipment, including low density residential development. 3. Work with the surrounding towns to help preserve farming as a viable occupation and way of life. Policies: 1. Carefully consider the location of productive agricultural lands before making decisions on the expansion of municipal services or growth. 2. Consider using extraterritorial land division review in support of this adopted Plan to limit development in or near productive farming and natural areas. 3. Work with the towns and County to encourage a compact, orderly, efficient development pattern within the current or future Village boundaries that minimizes land use and/or intergovernmental conflicts. 4. Help preserve existing farmland by promoting the available programs that help farmers stay in business or protect farmland from more intensive development including the Credit Relief Outreach Program, Purchase or Transfer of Development Rights Programs, and programs offered by the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 17 Agricultural Resource Programs and Recommendations Beyond the policies outlined above, the Village of Cross Plains will work on the following programs designed to help retain the area’s agricultural base. Continue to Exercise Subdivision Review Authority to Limit Development within the Village’s Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Large areas of lands within the Village’s extraterritorial planning area that are not in environmental corridor have been categorized on the Village’s future land use map (see Maps 4a and 4b) as agriculture/rural. It is recommended that the Village continue to exercise its subdivision review authority within its 1.5-mile extraterritorial jurisdiction to limit housing development in these areas and to direct intensive development (e.g. large subdivisions, multi-family residential, commercial, and industrial) to the Village or other incorporated communities. See Chapter Three: Land Use for detailed policies. Promote Direct Marketing of Farm Products to Consumers In addition to preserving land for farming, the Village should be involved in efforts to ensure the economic viability of future agricultural operations. This will involve cooperating with the surrounding towns, counties, UW-Extension, Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (DACTP), and other public and non-profit organizations to develop markets for and identify ways to add value to local agricultural products. Some ways in which the Village can contribute to these efforts include the following: a. Farmer’s Markets: Local farmers markets provide a direct means for farmers to sell their products to the consumer, contribute to the local economy, and encourage members of the community to come together. Cross Plains hosts a market during the summer months. The Village should support the establishment of a permanent space for this event that attracts residents and visitors and meets the needs of vendors. A permanent location for the farmer’s market will help it grow to be a regional destination and attraction. b. Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs: A CSA program allows farmers to sell shares of their products directly to consumers in advance of the growing season. Such programs encourage healthful food choices, support local farmers, and relieve some of the burdens and uncertainties associated with conventional marketing approaches. There is an abundance of CSA programs in southern Wisconsin, including many based in Dane County. The Village has an opportunity to advance these programs by supporting and promoting the programs wherever possible. Some relatively simple and straightforward approaches might be to arrange for the display of informational pamphlets for local CSA programs in Village Hall, encourage farmer’s market vendors to advertise their CSA programs, or to post information and links on the Village’s website that inform residents about available CSA programs. c. Restaurants: Cross Plains would benefit from more restaurants located in the Village to serve residents and employees of Village businesses. Restaurants represent an opportunity for the establishment of restaurants, bakeries and cafes that purchase, serve, and generally promote locally grown foods. The type of restaurant that offers handmade food from locally grown products would be an asset to a family-oriented, hard-working community like Cross Plains, but this concept could also be used to market the restaurant to people who live outside the Village in surrounding communities. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 18 d. Schools: Since it is necessary for schools to consistently purchase large quantities of food, local food producers would offer fresh, in-season, healthful products that would promote the health of students. The Middleton-Cross Plains School District could become involved in the Wisconsin Homegrown lunch program. The goal of this program is to incorporate fresh, nutritious, local, and sustainably grown food to school lunch menus. Involvement in this program benefits the health and wellbeing of students and school faculty, supports the local agricultural economy, and establishes partnerships between the school district and local farms. This creates opportunities for students to learn outside the classroom about agriculture and food production. Natural Resources A survey of Cross Plains’ natural resources provides an important framework for guiding several elements of the Comprehensive Plan. As a growing community, such information can help identify the appropriate locations for certain types of development, and can pinpoint areas that should be preserved and managed for recreational purposes, stormwater management, and ground water protection. Maintenance of these natural features is also important for community appearance and for the functions they perform for natural communities. Map 2 in this Plan depicts the Village’s key environmentally sensitive areas, some of which are described in more detail below. Natural Resource Inventory Natural resources, including soils, topography, surface water resources, and other natural features have a profound effect on a community’s development. These physical features directly impact where development will occur, and serve as a primary factor in the establishment and growth (or decline) of a community. Previous Cross Plains natural resource planning summaries over the past 27 years have been included in updates of this plan. The following subsection describes the natural resource characteristics found within the Cross Plains area. Landforms/Topography The Village of Cross Plains is located in a unique area of Wisconsin formed following the last ice age approximately 15,000 years ago. This area, referred to as the “Gateway to the Driftless Area,” is surrounded by moraine deposits and hills that were undisturbed by glacier ice which reached the edge of the community. The Glacial border, called the Johnstown Moraine, extends from the Town of Brooklyn through Verona and Cross Plains to the Wisconsin River. This historic event also provided for the development of unique geologic resources, picturesque hillsides, very fertile soils, and precious stands of oak and hickory trees. These unique landforms and steep topography present key challenges for planning, particularly with regard to preserving a high quality of life in the face of continued metropolitan expansion. NATURAL RESOURCE RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Protect natural resources – such as the Black Earth Creek environmental corridor – to enhance Village form and livability, recreational opportunities, and scenic beauty.  Adopt land use policies that promote a more compact development pattern, focusing on techniques that minimize the amount of land required for additional growth.  Protect water quantity and quality through collaboration with local partners and aggressive Village policies.  Work with local, regional, and state organizations on natural resource and recreation initiatives, particularly the Ice Age Trail. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 19 Nonmetallic Mineral Resources Mineral resources in the Cross Plains area are located outside of the Village limits. These generally consist of sand and gravel pits. The nearest mineral extraction sites are located west of the Village on CTH KP and southeast of the Village off of Stage Coach Rd. These are indicated on the Map 3: Existing Land Use. Drainage Basins The Cross Plains Area Stormwater Management Plan, completed in February 1996 by Town and Country Engineering, Inc., provides a detailed analysis of 18 runoff subbasins in the Cross Plains Area. The plan projects changes in land use through 2015 and recommends a schedule of improvements in each subbasin immediately, by 2015, and long term. This document should be consulted as part of any plat review in the Village or within the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction. Groundwater Groundwater is a vital resource in the Village and its surrounding areas. The topography of the area, coupled with “key drainage locations, provide excellent infiltration of rainwater and subsequent groundwater recharge.”1 Rapid development in the Village and surrounding areas has raised concerns about future groundwater impacts, not only for the Village, but also for the Black Earth Creek Watershed as a whole. These resources face potential threats from chemical and animal waste materials in agricultural runoff. As development increases, so does groundwater withdrawal in the watershed. This withdrawal, along with a possible decrease in groundwater recharge, poses a serious future threat to the groundwater in the Village and surrounding area. There are many additional resources to consult regarding groundwater, including, but not limited to: the WisDNR, Dane County, Trout Unlimited, the Natural Heritage Land Trust, the Black Earth Creek Watershed Association, American Farmland Trust, and others. Surface Water/Stream Corridors Three creeks are located in the Cross Plains area: Brewery Creek, Garfoot Creek and Black Earth Creek. Brewery Creek from the north and Garfoot Creek from the south, feed into Black Earth Creek. The Black Earth Creek has historically been noted as one of the most productive trout streams in the State of Wisconsin. The Black Earth Creek average streamflow is approximately 31.9 cubic feet per second (cfs). Periods of large and rapid runoffs are typical during snowmelt and summer thunderstorms. An estimated 80 percent of the Black Earth Creek is from groundwater discharge. Several of the springs that discharge directly into the Creek have flow rates in excess of 2000 gallons per minute, or .466 cfs. The remaining 20 percent of the flow is from surface water runoff. Map 2: Agricultural, Open Space, and Environmental Corridors includes a red contour line that is the Three Year Ground Water Capture Zone. Because the Cross Plains creeks are largely spring fed, it is important to protect the surrounding groundwater from depletion or contamination. Water that is absorbed into the ground near the creeks will eventually reach the creeks, and water that is absorbed into the ground inside the three year capture zone is likely to reach the adjacent creek within three years. It is especially important to prevent groundwater contamination in these areas because of the direct and near-immediate impact on the creeks. 1 WisDNR; Black Earth Creek Watershed (LW17) Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 20 Floodplains Extensive flood hazard areas are located along both the Black Earth Creek and Brewery Creek. The Federal Emergency Management Agency defines floodplains as “Any land area susceptible to being inundated by floodwaters from any source.” The 100-year flood area, where flooding probability is greater than 1 percent in any year, is generally restricted to no development by State Statute-authorized local zoning. Wetlands The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service defines wetlands as follows: A wetland is defined by the Cowardin classification system as lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface off the land and is covered by shallow water. For purposes of this classification, wetlands must have one or more of the following three attributes: (1) at least periodically, the land supports predominantly hydrophytes, (2) the substrate is predominantly undrained hydric soil, and (3) the substrate is non-soil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of each year." The definition section of the Cowardin et al. paper states that "The primary objective of this classification is to impose boundaries on natural ecosystems for the purposes of inventory, evaluation, and management." The US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and the US Environmental Protection Agency define wetlands as follows: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. Wetlands are areas that are covered by water or have waterlogged soils for long periods during the growing season. Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living in saturated soil conditions for at least part of the growing season. Wetlands such as swamps and marshes are often obvious, but some wetlands are not easily recognized, often because they are dry during part of the year or "they just don't look very wet" from the roadside. Some of these wetland types include, but are not limited to, many bottomland forests, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs, wet meadows, potholes, and wet tundra. The information presented here usually will enable you to determine whether you might have a wetland. Woodlands Woodlands in the Village of Cross Plains area are generally located outside the Village limits. While there are spots of wooded lands in the Village limits, these are generally located on steep slopes that cannot be developed, or on hilltops. Outside of the Village limits, there are many wooded areas that contribute to the natural beauty of the area, and are a major attraction for existing and new residents, as well as visitors. Steep Slopes Typical definitions for steep slope in Wisconsin vary from 12 percent to 20 percent (and greater). Increased slope provides a number of development-related concerns and difficulties. A significant concern is that developments on steep slopes increase erosion and stormwater runoff. This is problematic as it can adversely affect water quality as debris and excess sediment is deposited into surface and groundwater. Steep slopes are also generally less suitable for septic systems. It is broadly recommended that areas identified as having a slope in excess of 12 percent be avoided for development. If development is to happen on these areas, it is recommended that the developer prepare detailed erosion controlled plans. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 21 Rare Species Occurrences/Wildlife Habitat There are a number of rare, threatened or endangered species found in the Cross Plains area. A list of all threatened or endangered species in Dane County can be found in Figure 6. Figure 6: Threatened and Endangered Species of Dane County Scientific Name Common Name WI Status Agalinis gattingeri Roundstem Foxglove Threatened Agalinis skinneriana Pale False Foxglove Endangered Asclepias lanuginosa Woolly Milkweed Threatened Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed Endangered Asclepias sullivantii Prairie Milkweed Threatened Besseya bullii Kitten Tails Threatened Botrychium campestre Prairie Dunewort Endangered Callitriche heterophylla Large Water-starwort Threatened Camassia scilloides Wild Hyacinth Endangered Carex laevivaginata Smooth-sheathed Sedge Endangered Cirsium hillii Hill's Thistle Threatened Cypripedium candidum White Lady's-slipper Threatened Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower Threatened Lespedeza leptostachya Prairie Bush Clover Endangered Platanthera flava var. herbiola Pale Green Orchid Threatened Platanthera leucophaea Eastern Prairie White Fringed Orchid Endangered Polygala incarnata Pink Milkwort Endangered Polytaenia nuttallii Prairie Parsley Threatened Prenanthes aspera Rough Rattlesnake-root Endangered Prenanthes crepidinea Nodding Rattlesnake-root Endangered Ruellia humilis Hairy Wild Petunia Endangered Schoenoplectus hallii Hall's Bulrush Endangered Scutellaria parvula var. parvula Small Skullcap Endangered Stuckenia vaginata Sheathed Pondweed Threatened Triantha glutinosa False Asphodel Threatened Trichophorum cespitosum Tufted Bulrush Threatened Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 22 Scientific Name Common Name WI Status Acris blanchardi Blanchard's Cricket Frog Endangered Aflexia rubranura Red-tailed Prairie Leafhopper Endangered Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's Sparrow Threatened Arcidens confragosus Rock Pocketbook Threatened Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper Threatened Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk Threatened Chlidonias niger Black Tern Endangered Crystallaria asprella Crystal Darter Endangered Cycleptus elongatus Blue Sucker Threatened Ellipsaria lineolata Butterfly Endangered Empidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher Threatened Eptesicus fuscus Big Brown Bat Threatened Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Endangered Fundulus dispar Starhead Topminnow Endangered Geothlypis formosa Kentucky Warbler Threatened Hesperia ottoe Ottoe Skipper Endangered Ictiobus niger Black Buffalo Threatened Lampsilis higginsii Higgins Eye Endangered Lampsilis teres Yellow & Slough Sandshells Endangered Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike Endangered Luxilus chrysocephalus Striped Shiner Endangered Lythrurus umbratilis Redfin Shiner Threatened Macrhybopsis hyostoma Shoal Chub Threatened Moxostoma carinatum River Redhorse Threatened Moxostoma duquesnei Black Redhorse Endangered Myotis lucifugus Little Brown Bat Threatened Myotis septentrionalis Northern Long-eared Bat Threatened Notropis anogenus Pugnose Shiner Threatened Ophisaurus attenuatus Slender Glass Lizard Endangered Papaipema silphii Silphium Borer Moth Endangered Perimyotis subflavus Eastern Pipistrelle Threatened Plethobasus cyphyus Sheepnose Endangered Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 23 Scientific Name Common Name WI Status Polyamia dilata Prairie Leafhopper Threatened Polyodon spathula Paddlefish Threatened Quadrula metanevra Monkeyface Threatened Quadrula nodulata Wartyback Threatened Setophaga cerulea Cerulean Warbler Threatened Setophaga citrina Hooded Warbler Threatened Sistrurus catenatus Eastern Massasauga Endangered Speyeria idalia Regal Fritillary Endangered Terrapene ornata Ornate Box Turtle Endangered Thamnophis proximus Western Ribbonsnake Endangered Tritogonia verrucosa Buckhorn Threatened Truncilla donaciformis Fawnsfoot Threatened Venustaconcha ellipsiformis Ellipse Threatened Vireo bellii Bell's Vireo Threatened 1Wisconsin Status:  Endangered: continued existence in Wisconsin is in jeopardy.  Threatened: appears likely, within the foreseeable future, to become endangered. Special Concern: species for which some problem of abundance or distribution is suspected but not yet proven. (these were omitted from this list due to space constraints) Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 24 Parks and Open Space Master Plan The Village updated its Parks and Open Space Master Plan in December 2018 in a concurrent planning process as the Comprehensive Plan Update. The Plan lists a series of objectives and policies which should be utilized when making decisions about parks and open space improvements. Additional information on the parks and recreation facilities recommended in the 2018 Parks and Open Space Master Plan, see Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities. Ice Age Trail Corridor The Ice Age Trail Corridor, as identified on Map 2, is part of a thousand-mile National Trail tracing Ice Age formations across the State of Wisconsin. This corridor has been identified by the Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation and is designed to protect critical natural features that make up the Ice Age Trail. Development proposals within the identified Ice Age Trail Corridor will be carefully scrutinized by the Village. One condition of approval may be the requirement of a trail dedication through any lands set aside for development. This dedication is meant to ensure that a trail is set aside for use by all residents and visitors to the area so that they may experience the natural splendor of the Ice Age Trail Corridor. The Corridor is reflected on maps in this plan to indicate areas for potential trail expansions and connections. Water Quality Corridor (West of existing Village limits) The Water Quality Corridor identified to the west of the Village is generally bounded by CTH KP and USH 14. This area, as outlined on Map 2: Agricultural, Open Space, and Environmental Corridors, is identified for preservation. The Village will oppose any developments proposed for this corridor, excepting those that are in support of existing agricultural operations. Water Quality Corridor (East of existing Village limits) The Water Quality Corridor identified to the east of the Village makes up a large portion of the Black Earth Creek Watershed. This area is roughly defined by CTH P heading south of the Village and the northern border of the Black Earth Creek Watershed as shown on Map 2. The Village will strongly scrutinize any development proposal in this area to ensure that it does not adversely impact the Black Earth Creek or the Village’s water supply. Developments will be required to maintain storm water at pre-development levels, while also addressing thermal discharge. Water Quality Corridor for Stream Protection Village policy is to regulate development within close proximity to navigable streams in order to assure recharge of the groundwater that supports the streams and in order to minimize water quality degradation due to storm runoff. This will be accomplished by creating a water quality corridor zoning overlay district for newly annexed lands providing for two levels of protection, depending upon the proximity of lands to the streams. The first level of protection is the creation of buffer zones in which no development other than parks and Village utility facilities will be allowed. The buffer zones are:  300 feet from the centerline of streams that are classified as “outstanding resource waters” by the Department of Natural Resources, which includes Black Earth Creek east of the wastewater treatment plant, Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 25  200 feet from the centerline of streams that are classified “exceptional waters” by the Department of Natural Resources, including Garfoot Creek and Black Earth Creek west of Wastewater Treatment Plant, and  150 feet from the centerline of all other streams, including Brewery Creek and the Swanson Swamp drainage. Undeveloped areas already within the Village limits will be controlled by the Erosion Control and Stormwater Management Ordinance, with no specific buffer, but with development plans for these areas being reviewed to accomplish as much protection as possible. The second level of protection is for areas extending from the outside edge of the buffer to a point 1,500 feet from the centerline of the streams. In these areas the overlay district will provide that development can occur only if 100 percent of the pre-settlement infiltration is achieved, and the mappable impervious surface area of the development must be lower than 20 percent of the total area. Steep Slopes Existing Village policy, prior to Plan adoption, is to prohibit development on slopes greater than 20 percent. (A 20 percent slope is defined as beginning and ending at the upper end of a 10 foot vertical rise in a horizontal distance of 50 feet.) Development is also prohibited within 150 feet above the point where the 20 percent slope ends. Public Lands Existing and Proposed Public Lands are shown on Map 2. These lands are identified for use as public spaces. Prime Farmland Most of the prime farmland around the Village is located within the Water Quality Corridors. Natural Resource Goals, Objectives, and Policies Goal: 1. Preserve natural features and amenities and conserve natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations. Objectives: 1. Protect shore land, floodplain, and wetland areas associated with Black Earth Creek, Brewery Creek, and important groundwater and surface runoff capture zones as indicated on Map 2: Agricultural, Open Space, and Environmental Corridors. 2. Protect the natural balance of the Black Earth Creek water system in a manner that enhances its educational and recreational value as one of the most naturally productive trout streams in Wisconsin. 3. Ensure that new developments minimize and mitigate the impact of development in defined environmental corridors. 4. Work with Dane County, neighboring municipalities, state and federal agencies and property owners to prevent erosion problems and reduce storm water runoff. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 26 5. Require the use of methods that prevent soil erosion and reduce stormwater runoff on all developments or operations that could discharge sediment to Black Earth Creek and its tributaries. 6. Maintain and restore the natural vegetation along undeveloped stream banks and floodplain areas. 7. Maintain the Village sewer treatment system in a manner that least impacts the stream water quality. Discourage the use of septic systems in areas that could pollute groundwater discharging into the stream. 8. Continue to protect steep slopes and hilltops from disruption as development occurs. 9. Work with the Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation to establish a trail segment through the Village of Cross Plains. 10. Work to provide adequate and sufficient ground water supplies by minimizing impermeable surfaces and aiding stormwater infiltration within water recharge zones of contribution. 11. Encourage improvements in clean air quality by decreasing reliance on automobiles, preservation of wildland and woodland areas, and community education on clean air. 12. Require abandonment of unpermitted, existing private wells. Policies: 1. Development proposals within the Village of Cross Plains corporate limits or the 1.5 mile extraterritorial authority zone shall not be approved unless in compliance with the Village of Cross Plains’ regulatory tools including but not limited to the Zoning Ordinance, Land Division Ordinance, Erosion, Sediment and Water Runoff Control Ordinance, Official Map, and Map 2: Agricultural, Open Space, and Environmental Corridor in this Plan. 2. All new development projects shall include Village-approved stormwater management facilities. 3. All site plans, preliminary plats, and certified survey maps shall accurately depict all environmental corridors and natural resource elements (e.g. wetlands, floodplains, steep slopes, drainageways, etc.) found on the site. 4. Carefully review development proposals within the Ice Age Trail Corridor on Map 2 for potential trail right of way dedication. 5. New development projects will be required to maintain stormwater levels at their pre-development rate before, during, and after site development. 6. Continue to ensure compliance with the Village’s steep slope and hilltop ordinance as development occurs. 7. Continue to maintain the Village sewer treatment system and monitor it for impacts on water quality in surrounding water resources. 8. Update Village policies regarding the development of septic systems around sensitive groundwater recharge areas. 9. Review the Village’s wellhead protection plan and update as appropriate. 10. Continue to work with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Dane County Land Conservation to ensure that existing ordinances are updated as needed to protect the Black Earth Creek. 11. Identify those forests, hilltops, and hillside areas that the Village wishes to preserve. Work with non- governmental organizations (Natural Heritage Land Trust, Nature Conservancy, etc.) to identify lands for preservation and pursue their protection. See Utilities and Community Facilities chapter for detailed policies. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 27 12. Coordinate efforts to protect critical natural resource areas, endangered species, and wildlife habitat with non-governmental organizations and State and Federal bodies. 13. Continue to maintain and enhance the Village trail, sidewalk, and bike system as an alternative to automobile transportation. 14. Discourage the establishment of new mineral extraction operations within the Village limits, except where they are associated with a development project on the same site and are operated according to safe and clean standards. Natural Resources Programs and Recommendations The Village and surrounding area contain outstanding natural resources that will require concerted, on- going, and coordinated efforts to maintain and enhance, including the following efforts. Protect Environmental Corridors Environmental corridors are important elements of the natural resource base. They help create the form and character of the Village. They have environmental, ecological, passive recreational, storm water management, groundwater protection and recharge, erosion control, wildlife, timber, and scenic value. Environmental corridors also have severe limitations for development; therefore, minimizing development in these areas also protects private property. For the Village, environmental corridors are shown on Maps 2 and 4a and 4b. On Map 2 the Environmental Management Corridor includes sensitive environmental areas surrounding Black Earth Creek. On Maps 4a and 4b Environmental Corridors represent the composite of adopted floodplain, wetland, steep slope (greater than 20 percent), and drainageway and waterway buffer areas. Existing development and farming uses should be allowed to continue within mapped environmental corridors, but some improvements may be limited. New buildings that do not replace old buildings and significant expansions to existing building footprints should not be allowed, unless the environmental corridor boundary is determined to be in error or environmental protection laws are otherwise followed. Environmental corridors should also be maintained of sufficient width and ground cover to provide movement of wildlife and fulfill their other functions. Maintained lawns and formal landscaping within environmental corridors are strongly discouraged. Maintain and Protect Water Quality The Black Earth Creek and Brewery Creek are key natural features in the Village, forming the backdrop for much of the development and activity in the community. General recommendations designed to support the objectives of protecting the quality of the Village’s water resources are offered below. Vegetative Buffers Vegetative buffers between developed areas and water bodies provide many benefits, including the protection of water quality, flood control, stream bank stabilization, water temperature control, and room for lateral movement of stream channels. Trees and shrubs retained in buffer areas provide the benefit of buffering noise from watercraft, providing privacy to residents, and serving as nesting areas for songbirds. The Village intends to work with the WisDNR and other appropriate organizations to identify areas along undeveloped streams and floodplains that could have natural vegetation restored and coordinate natural vegetation restoration with the Parks and Recreation Committee. The Village will also review and update Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 28 municipal ordinances to ensure that natural vegetation is protected and restored along stream banks and in floodplains and to require preservation of buffer strips and drainage ways in a natural state. The following buffering techniques illustrated in Figure 7 can maximize water quality protection, habitat, and erosion control benefits in buffer areas around creeks in the Village, particularly in areas that currently have limited development (i.e., lands not yet in the Village). Figure 7: Example of Vegetative Buffer Erosion Control and Storm Water Management Plans The Village will help ensure erosion control and storm water management techniques for protection and continued improvement of its water quality. Unmanaged construction sites are one of the greatest contributors to off-site sediment runoff. Under Wisconsin law, erosion control plans are required for all construction sites over 1 acre in area. Erosion control techniques include silt fencing, minimizing disturbed areas, and quickly reestablishing vegetation. The Village will continue to coordinate with Dane County, neighboring communities, property owners, Federal agencies and the WisDNR to identify and address erosion problems. The Village will also review and update, as appropriate the Erosion, Sediment, and Water Runoff Control Ordinance. In particular, storm water management and erosion control systems will be components of all planned new development areas, including subdivisions and commercial projects following the Village’s Storm Water Management Plan. Storm water management techniques include natural drainage swales and retention and detention basins. These techniques control the quantity and improve the quality of water run-off during storms and enhance groundwater recharge, which is particularly critical near waterways such as Black Earth Creek. The Village may consider establishing a storm water utility, as recommended in the Storm Water Management Plan. Protect Groundwater Quantity and Quality Groundwater is the source for all of the Village’s drinking water supply. If groundwater is removed from an aquifer more quickly than it is recharged, the amount of water available in the aquifer is reduced. This situation is becoming an increasing concern in neighboring counties. In addition, groundwater recharges Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 29 local rivers and streams. For these reasons, groundwater protection is critical. This Plan supports several efforts to protect groundwater quality and quantity, including the following: ♦ Carefully consider and study new development in areas susceptible to groundwater contamination. The Village should consider limiting the location of additional commercial and industrial uses with the potential to emit pollutants into the soil or groundwater in portions of the Village more highly susceptible to groundwater contamination. In particular, precautions should be used in siting gas stations or other uses that store fuel or other potential contaminants. The Village may also wish to work with existing business owners on plans to minimize the potential and severity of spills that may otherwise cause future contamination. ♦ Remain informed and involved in decisions pertaining to high-capacity wells. Permits for high capacity wells (those withdrawing more than 100,000 gallons per day) must be registered with and permitted by WisDNR. The DNR will not approve wells that impair public water utility supplies. Wells drawing more than 2 million gallons per day are evaluated in terms of whether they impair public water rights, future water use plans, or cause adverse groundwater effects. The DNR also has authority to deny a request for a high-capacity well should it assess the environmental impacts as significant to outweigh the benefit. Should potential new sites be proposed in the Cross Plains area over the planning period, the Village should remain informed and involved in any WisDNR decisions regarding high-capacity well decisions. One way to stay involved in through regular communication and providing public comment during Environmental Impact Statement review periods. The Village could also consider participating in cooperative groundwater management plans with municipalities, industries, local and regional planning agencies, and State agencies where appropriate, should special groundwater protection priority areas be delineated in the future. ♦ Partner with property owners in the identification, assessment, remediation, and reuse of “brownfield” sites. These sites have the potential to contaminate groundwater. Significant State and federal dollars are now available for brownfield assessment, planning, and clean-up in advance of redevelopment. The Village should continue to be active in identifying and helping to clean up and restore to economic use those sites that contain soil contamination. See Chapter Seven: Economic Development, for more specific strategies. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 30 Work to Enhance and Promote the Ice Age Trail Map 2 identifies the Ice Age Trail Corridor northeast of Cross Plains. The Ice Age National Scenic Trail is a thousand-mile footpath entirely within Wisconsin that celebrates the legacy of the Ice Age. Figure 8 depicts the general trail route through the state. Diverse geological features along the Trail rank among the finest examples of continental glaciation anywhere in the world. The Ice Age Trail serves as a destination and attraction for visitors throughout the state as well as a prime natural asset for Cross Plains residents. The Village should continue to work with the Ice Age Trail Alliance to enhance the trail and its amenities within the Village, including improved wayfinding, and improve the promotion of the Ice Age Trail to residents and tourists. Figure 8: Ice Age Trail Route ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! ! !!! !! !! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! !!!!!!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!!!! !!!! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! Black EarthCreek Black Earth C reek Enchanted Valley Rd Schneider Rd Airport Rd Rocky Dell Rd Stagecoach Rd Old Sauk Pass Rd Stagecoach Rd Hidden Valley Rd Observatory RdBraun Rd Garfoot Rd ScherbelRd Kahl Rd Scherbel Rd G arfoot Rd Park St W Brew ery Rd N Hill Point Rd Thinnes St G ils W ay Church St Bourbon Rd Valley St Luden Dr Hillside Tr Westview Ct Elmwood Cir Round Table Way Hickory Hills St Julius St Laufenberg Blvd Scheele Rd Military Rd Center St East St Hillebrand Dr Main St Caesar St M ill St Martin St Bollenbeck St Hickory St M arvin Ct Woodside Dr Esser St Allie's Ln M arket St SaintFrancesSt Stone Valley Rd Scheele Rd Main St Pleasant View LnSaeman St Airport Rd Church St Thinnes St Main St Town of Cross Plains Town of M iddleton Town of Berry Town of Springfield Swamp Lover's Conservancy Ice Age Trail Conservancy DNR DNR Date: July 24, 2018 Sources: Dane Co. LIO, FEMA, DNR, CARPC, USDA, Vandewalle & Associates ° ")KP ")KP ")P ")P ")P £¤14 £¤14 ")KP ")KP Map 2: Agricultural, Open Space, and Environmental Corridors Village of Cross Plains Black Earth Creek Management Corridor Ice Age Trail Corridor ! !! ! !! !!!! Three Year Ground Water Capture Zone £¤14 Slopes (greater than 20%) Prime Farmland Potential Future Public Lands Town Boundaries Parcels Shaping places, shaping change VANDEWALLE & ASSOCIATES INC. 0 0.5 10.25 Miles Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan CARPC Environmental Corridor Hilltop Protection Zoning Overlay Wetlands FEMA 100 Year Floodplain Ice Age Trail Surface Water Conservancy Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 32 Page intentionally left blank Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 33 Cultural Resources Cultural Resources Inventory Historic Resources The Wisconsin Historical Society’s Architecture & History Inventory, lists 19 properties that may be of historic significance within Cross Plains. These are shown in Figure 9. These properties include some of the first taverns in the Village, and a former general store that is now a single-family residence. Overall, the Village has a wide variety of architectural styles, ranging from late 19th Century Queen Anne-style homes, to modern multi-unit condominium-style apartment buildings. The older neighborhoods located along Main Street contain a variety of housing and business building styles and materials, while the newer subdivisions contain mostly large single-family homes with aluminum siding or brick veneer. The Cross Plains – Berry Historical Society preserves the history of the Village of Cross Plains and the townships of Cross Plains and Berry. Museum collections include photographs, family histories and artifacts housed in the basement of the old St. Martin’s Church. This building, located at 2204 Brewery Road, Cross Plains, has been a landmark in the area since 1886. The museum is open by appointment. The Wisconsin Alliance of Artists and Craftspeople, a non-profit corporation formed to promote the visual arts in the state and to develop direct contact between Wisconsin artist and craftspeople and the public, is located in Cross Plains. Community Design The Village of Cross Plains currently has a subdivision ordinance in place. This ordinance (Ordinance No. 4- 94B) covers land divisions, the platting process, Certified Survey Maps (CSM’s), Comprehensive Development Plans, Design Standards, Improvements, Improvements Procedure, Acceptance of Improvements, Release of Security, Building Permits, Fees, and Variances and Waivers. CULTURAL RESOURCE RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Continue historic renovations to existing buildings that enhance the character of the downtown.  Establish a signature event that highlights Village’s natural assets and identity.  Improve community image through amended regulation and supporting aesthetic improvements by property owners. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 34 Figure 9: Cross Plains Properties on the Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory AHI# Location Name Year Land Use Style/Significance 4787 2204 Brewery Road Old St. Martin's Lutheran Church 1878 Public Gothic Revival 5303 2100 American Legion Drive Public Romanesque Revival 5305 2219 Church Street 1860 Residential Side Gabled Stone 5306 2828 Church Road Residential Side Gabled 5307 2917 Church Street Residential Queen Anne 5308 2414 Brewery Road Cross Plains Dental Commercial Gabled Ell 5309 2929 Church Street Residential Vernacular 5310 North Church Street St Francis Xavier Church Rectory Public Vernacular 5311 1200 Main Street Coach's Club Public Boomtown 5313 1909 Main Street Herman J. Dahmen Double Block 1860 Commercial Vernacular 172621 1113 Main Street Kalscheur's Implements Commercial Quonset 172661 1303 Main Street Residential Tudor Revival 172681 1307 Main Street Residential Craftsman 172701 1411 Main Street Residential American Foursquare 172702 1501 Main Street Residential Dutch Colonial Revival 172721 1603 Main Street Residential Craftsman 172741 1613 Main Street Residential Bungalow 172781 2305 Main Street Residential Two Story Cube 172801 1614 Main Street Residential Queen Anne Source: Wisconsin Historical Society, Architecture & History Inventory Cultural Resources Goals, Objectives, and Policies Goal: • Protect and enhance historic and cultural resources in the Village for the benefit of present and future generations. Objectives: 1. Maintain and enhance the cultural integrity of the Village through preservation and enhancement of historic, cultural, and archeological resources. 2. Promote the historic Main Street areas as important gathering, working, and living places in the Village. Policies: 1. Identify and promote local, state, and federal resources that can be used by property owners to maintain and preserve historic sites and structures. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 35 2. Work with the Cross Plains Berry Historical Society to identify historic and cultural resources. 3. Work with owners of historically or culturally significant properties to ensure that they are adequately protected. 4. Encourage property owners of historically significant buildings to utilize State and Federal funds to enhance and maintain their properties. 5. Coordinate efforts to enhance the gateways of the community with the Cross Plains Area Chamber of Commerce and other groups. Cultural Resource Programs and Recommendations Continue Historic Main Street Renovations The Village should collaborate with Main Street historic building owners to develop a strategy to restore façades and business signage in accordance with the Cross Plains Main Street Design Guidelines. Tax credits are administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society's Division of Historic Preservation and are available to home and business owners for qualifying repair and rehabilitation projects. The Village should also continue to invest in high quality public infrastructure and take advantage of opportunities to incorporate new infrastructure as new projects occur. Support and Sponsor Village Events The Village has an opportunity to bolster the community’s pride, cohesiveness, and sense of place by supporting and sponsoring local events and programs that celebrate the history, culture, and values of Village residents. The Village should coordinate with the School District, the Cross Plains Area Chamber of Commerce, the Historical Society, churches, and other community groups to help organize these events. Local organizations currently host events such as Trout Days. In promoting new events as well as already established events, the Village should tap all available regional marketing organizations, publications, and internet-based resources to get the word out to Village residents and to residents of surrounding communities and the region. The Village intends to promote the Black Earth Creek as a valuable community asset and as a focus of eco-tourism and economic development efforts. The Village could sponsor an annual event to celebrate the Creek. Such an event could include the following types of attractions: educational presentations on water protection, development impacts, or similar topics; kid’s activities; t-shirts; refreshments; and special promotions for local businesses. The Village’s Park and Recreation Commission should help to organize this event, as well as local recreation groups. In order to maintain Black Earth Creek as a top regional asset and a draw for tourists and visitors, the Village will continue to coordinate with WNDR to monitor the Creek and its tributaries to ensure that it continues to maintain its Class 1 Trout Stream status. Improve Community Image Cross Plains’ small-town atmosphere is one of its greatest assets. As the Village continues to grow and develop into the future, it will be important for the Village to establish and enforce standards that help ensure that it presents a positive image to residents and visitors. Such standards should specifically address aesthetic components of development such as architecture and building materials, the thoughtful integration of open and gathering spaces, and the preservation of attractive community Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural and Cultural Resources Adopted: December 17, 2018 36 entryways and historic or culturally significant features. The Village has a Main Street Design Guidelines manual to guide the character of development and redevelopment along Main Street (USH 14). The Village intends to amend its signage, landscaping, outdoor storage, and building design regulations so that new development throughout the entire community will be more sensitive to visual quality. The Village will also encourage persons owning developed property along major community entryways to improve the aesthetic quality of their properties by screening parking areas, landscaping street terraces and yards, reducing the number and size of signs, eliminating outdoor storage, and planting flower beds. Implement Planned Community-Wide Signage and Streetscaping Features The Village adopted the US14 Streetscape and Signage Plan in 2015, which recommends identifying a design theme for gateway signage; kiosks and parking signage for information sharing; wayfinding signage to key Village destinations; trail markers; and streetscaping features such as shade trees, lighting, banners, benches, and trashcans. This theme should be replicated in public displays throughout the Village and be based on a brand and identity that highlights Cross Plains’ unique assets and distinguishes it from other communities in the region. Building on the work that has already been done, the Village will continue to implement the US14 Streetscape and Signage Plan. Expand Main Street Design Standards to Retain Village Character To ensure development that is consistent with the small-town character of Cross Plains, the Village should expand their Main Street design standards that guide development on the materials, architectural character, and context sensitive design of future investments. Design standards facilitate a cohesive, attractive design in the Main Street district, require the use of high quality building materials, and create carefully-designed spaces appropriate for Main Street and appealing to visitors. Specifically, design standards could encourage more traditional building forms that feature peaked roofs, traditional building materials, such as wood and brick, and architectural styles that complement the Village’s existing historic Main Street. Design standards will be applied to all development including potential multi-family or mixed-use development. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 37 Chapter Three: Land Use This chapter is intended to guide land use decision-making in the Village. Long-range land use planning allows municipalities to guide development and redevelopment in a manner that maintains community character and protects sensitive environmental features. This chapter contains a compilation of background information, goals, objectives, policies, and recommended programs to guide the future preservation and development of public and private lands in the Village of Cross Plains. It includes maps showing existing land uses and recommended future land uses. Existing Land Use Existing Land Use Categories An accurate depiction of the existing land use pattern is the first step in planning for the desired future land use pattern. The set of categories below was used to prepare the existing land use map for the planning area (Map 3).  Agriculture/Rural: Areas proposed for maintenance and protection as croplands, pasture, forested lands or other recognized agricultural activity. This includes provision of residential uses for the owner/tenant. Residential uses are restricted to one unit per 35 acres.  Single Family Residential - Exurban: Single-family detached residential development served by individual on-site wastewater treatment (septic) systems.  Single Family Residential – Urban: Single-family detached residential development served by a public water and sanitary sewer system.  Duplex Residential: Areas designated for residential structures meant for occupancy by two families in two separate dwelling units. Density limits are generally established by the plan committee. This area could include condominiums, rental units, owner-occupied units, or redevelopment of existing housing into duplexes.  Multi-Family Residential: Areas designated for residential structures meant to be occupied by more than two “family” units, and usually having several units per structure. This area includes rental apartments and owner-occupied condominiums.  Neighborhood Mixed Use: Areas of residential development and small-scale commercial uses compatible with adjacent residential uses and neighborhood character.  Main Street Mixed Use: Areas permitting both large and small scale “downtown” commercial development at an intensity which provides significant incentives for infill development, LAND USE RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Follow the recommendations shown in Maps 4a and 4b when making land use decisions.  Promote compact residential neighborhoods to better manage the rate of community expansion, preserve farmland, maximize developable land, and protect natural resources.  Enhance the character of the Main Street corridor by encouraging compatible new development and redevelopment.  Address redevelopment opportunities including implementing the Glacier’s Edge Square Redevelopment Plan.  Use intergovernmental discussions and extraterritorial authorities to direct intensive new development such as subdivisions, commercial, and industrial development into the Village.  Modify local land development ordinances where necessary to implement recommendations in this Plan, minimize potential land use conflicts, guide growth and development, and ensure high-quality site development. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 38 redevelopment, and the continued economic viability of existing development. The district is also intended to retain the existing “Main Street” characteristics of the core blocks in the Village’s historic Main Street.  Planned Business: Areas designated for development or redevelopment as retail, sales, service, office, recreational or residential uses. Access to these developments is available by walking or bicycle in addition to car traffic. These areas also include smaller shops, restaurants, and offices.  Community Facilities: Areas of governmental, educational, religious, or medical property uses. Other quasi-public organizations such as public utility facilities are included in this category.  Light Industrial: Areas that permit both large and small scale industrial and office development at an intensity which is consistent with the overall desired suburban community character of the community. The primary distinguishing feature of this district is that it is geared to indoor industrial activities which are not typically associated with high levels of noise, soot, odors and other potential nuisances for adjoining properties.  Extraction: Quarries, gravel pits, clay extraction, peat extraction and related land uses.  Vacant Subdivided: Open lands and vacant parcels.  Parks: Areas designated as public access recreational areas. These areas may include natural areas, playgrounds, picnic areas, or other facilities to be enjoyed by the general public. This category does not distinguish “ownership” by governmental jurisdiction (Village, Town, County, State, or Federal).  Conservancy and Other Open Space: Areas to preserve the natural state of scenic areas in the Village and to prevent the uncontested, uneconomical, and premature spread of residential and other development, and to help discourage intensive development of marginal or especially scenic lands, so as to prevent hazards to public and private property, and to avoid harm to the public good because of misuse of environmentally sensitive areas.  Stormwater: Areas used for stormwater detention and infiltration.  Surface Water: Existing navigable waters as identified on the USGS maps. Water areas include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, creeks or any permanent bodies of water.  Right-of-Way: Areas used for or owned by public transportation agencies. Existing Land Use Pattern An accurate depiction of the Village’s existing land use pattern is the first step in planning for a desired future land use pattern. The Village’s consultant prepared a map of the Village’s existing land uses. Village staff and officials had an opportunity to review and suggest corrections to the existing land use map before it was finalized. Figure 10 shows acreages for existing land uses within the village limits in 2018. As indicated, single-family residential is the primary land use with 31.4 percent (350.5 acres). The second leading land use is conservancy and open space, with 23.2 acres (20 percent). Right-of-way is the third most prevalent land use (158.5 acres). Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 39 Figure 10: Existing Land Uses, 2018 Village of Cross Plains Existing Land Use Acres Percentage Single Family Residential 350.53 31.4% Conservancy and Other Open Space 223.23 20.0% Right-of-Way 158.49 14.2% Community Facilities 82.50 7.4% Parks 68.37 6.1% Agriculture 55.71 5.0% Planned Business 38.70 3.5% Vacant Subdivided Land 37.34 3.3% Multifamily Residential 33.48 3.0% Duplex Residential 20.29 1.8% Main Street Mixed Use 17.66 1.6% Light Industrial 15.01 1.3% Stormwater 10.14 0.9% Water 4.64 0.4% Extraction 1.00 0.1% Neighborhood Mixed Use 0.58 0.1% TOTAL 1,117.68 Source: Vandewalle & Associates, 2018; Dane County LIO Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 40 Page intentionally left blank !!! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! !! ! !! ! !!!!!!! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ú ú ú úBlack Earth Creek Black Earth C reek BreweryCreek Stagecoach Rd Stagecoach Rd Park St W Brew ery Rd N Hill Point Rd Thinnes St G ils W ay Church St Bourbon Rd Valley St Luden Dr Hillside Tr Westview Ct Elmwood Cir Round Table Way Hickory Hills St Julius St Laufenberg Blvd Scheele Rd Military Rd C enter St East St Hillebrand Dr Main St Caesar St M ill St Martin St Bollenbeck St Hickory St M arvin C t Woodside Dr Esser St Allie's Ln M arket St SaintFrancesSt Stone Valley Rd Scheele Rd Main St Pleasant View LnSaeman St Airport Rd Church St Thinnes St Main St Brew ery Rd ")KP ")P ")P £¤14 ")KP Tilda Trail Continental Ln ° Map 3: Existing Land Use Railroads Village of Cross Plains Boundary!! ! ! ! Parcels Surface Water Town Boundaries Shaping places, shaping change VANDEWALLE & ASSOCIATES INC. 0 0.25 0.50.125 Miles Date: July 24, 2018 Sources: Dane Co. LIO, Vandewalle & Associates Pedestrian/Bike Bridge ú Right-of-Way Extraction Single Family Residential-Exurban Single Family Residential-Urban Duplex Residential Multi-Family Residential Neighborhood Mixed Use Planned Business Downtown Mixed Use Community Facilities Agriculture/Rural Parks Light Industrial Vacant Subdivided Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Conservancy & Other Open Space Stormwater Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 42 Page intentionally left blank Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 43 Net Residential Density In 2016 there were 1,577 dwelling units in the Village on 404.3 acres. This works out to an average residential density of just under four (3.9) dwelling units per acre. Nonresidential Intensity Commercial and Industrial land uses each make up 154.45 acres of Village land area for a total of 13.8 percent of the acreage in the Village. Land Market Trends Trends in the Village of Cross Plains land market suggest increasing land values and lot prices. This reflects the accelerating demand for new development in the area, and the increasing relationship between the Village and surrounding higher-priced markets. The State Department of Revenue reported an increase in the total equalized values across all property of the Village between 2000 and 2017 from $169,391,100 to $382,300,700. Residential equalized values increased by 134 percent over the same period following steep increases in the early 2000s and between 2015 and 2017. Raw land values have increased in the Cross Plains area over the past several years. New residential lots in the Village sell for approximately $70,000 per acre. Land intended for commercial uses sell for between $4.00 and $12.00 per square foot, depending on location. Building Permits As depicted in Figure 11, the number of building permits for the Village of Cross Plains remained steady from 2013-2016. However, in 2017 the Village experienced a spike in single-family permits with the construction of a new neighborhood development, Glacier Ridge. In 2014, 2015, and 2016, the Village saw some of its most rapid multi-family residential development to date. Three apartment buildings were constructed in that three-year period, bringing 143 new dwelling units to the Village. These apartment developments include Zander Place Apartments (2014), Mill Creek Apartments (2015), and Esser Place Apartments (2016). Figure 11: Residential Building Permits (2012 - 2018) Number of Permits Type of Development 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total 2012-2018 Single-Family 4 8 5 4 5 26 15 58 Duplex 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 Apartment* 0 0 1 (45) 1 (53) 1 (45) 0 0 3 Total Permits: 4 8 6 5 8 26 6 63 Source: Village of Cross Plains *Number in parenthesis indicates total number of residential units in building Existing and Potential Land Use Conflicts Land use conflicts are present in the Village where homeowners and businesses have conflict with the truck traffic and noise associated with USH 14. This Comprehensive Plan is focused on minimizing potential future land use conflicts though thoughtful placement of possibly conflicting new uses, high quality design, and buffering of possibly conflicting uses. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 44 Projected Demand for Future Land Uses The analysis for land use demand is based on the following assumptions: 1. 2018 to 2040 population change: For planning purposes, the Village’s 2040 population is projected to be 5,159 or roughly an additional 1,245 people. 2. Projected number of new households in 2040: Based on an average household size of 2.51 people per household in 2015 which declines to 2.39 people per household in 2040, there is projected to be 770 additional households in the Village between 2016 and 2040. 3. Overall residential density estimate: Based on the historic maximum gross densities for residential zoning districts in the Village and the current ratios of single family to two-family to multi-family residential land in the Village, the overall density of residential land uses is estimated to be 3.9 dwelling units per acre. Land demand projections assume this same overall density. 4. Current ratio of residential to non-residential land uses: Development in the Village is currently comprised of roughly 72 percent residential development and 28 percent non-residential development. Land demand projections assume this same ratio. 5. Flexibility Factor: Given that the market for land is not only driven by demand, but is also dictated by timing and the desires of land owners and developers, it is important to factor in an allowance for uncertainty. In other words, a given parcel of land may not be available for development when the market is ripe for development. Therefore, incorporating a flexibility factor ensures that the supply of areas designated as appropriate for development will accommodate future demand, and it also ensures that the Village does not under-plan for future growth. In Cross Plains, the flexibility factor will be the addition of 100 percent of the total or two times the total. Figure 12 shows the Village’s projected land demand in five-year increments. Figure 12: Projected Land Use Demand (Acres) 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Total through 2040 Projected number of new residents 104 259 259 260 259 1,141 Projected number of new housing units 82 120 121 123 125 572 Total residential acreage demand 21 31 31 32 32 147 Total new non-residential acreage demand 8 12 12 12 12 56 Total preliminary acreage demand* 38 55 56 57 58 265 Total acreage demand including flexibility factor 77 111 113 114 116 531 *Sum of residential and non-residential acreage, plus an additional 31 percent to account for roads, sidewalks, parks, and other spaces not already accounted for. Source: Vandewalle & Associates, based on Linear Growth Rate (2000-2016) (Refer to Table 2) Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 45 Future Land Use This section of the Plan has the intent of guiding land use and development in the Village through the year 2040. The Future Land Use Map (Maps 4a and 4b) is the centerpiece of this chapter and the Plan’s land use direction. Maps 4a and 4b were prepared based on an analysis of a variety of factors, including overall development trends, location and availability of vacant land in the Village, location of areas logical for future development based on existing development, environmental constraints, public and property owner input, and this Plan’s overall vision (see Element One: Issues and Opportunities). The Future Land Use Map and related policies described below should be used as a basis to update the Village’s regulatory land use tools, such as the Zoning Map. They should also be used as a basis for all public and private sector development decisions, including those within the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction. These include annexations, rezonings, conditional use permits, land divisions, extension of municipal utilities, and other public or private investments. Changes in land use to implement the recommendations of this Plan will generally be initiated by property owners and private developers. In other words, this Plan does not automatically compel property owners to change the use of their land. Not all land shown for development on the Future Land Use Map will be immediately appropriate for rezoning and other land use approvals following adoption of this Plan. Given service demands and other factors, careful consideration to the amount, mix, and timing of development to keep it manageable and sustainable is essential. The Village advocates the phased development of land that focuses growth in areas and types that advance the vision of the community and can be efficiently served with transportation, utilities, public services, and other community facilities. Wisconsin Statutes specifically allow cities and villages to prepare plans for lands both inside and outside their municipal boundaries—up to the edges of their extraterritorial jurisdictions. To effectively manage growth, this Plan identifies desirable land use patterns both within the existing Village limits and in unincorporated areas around the Village. This approach recognizes that Village (and regional) growth and economic health can be either facilitated or impeded by the patterns of growth and preservation in adjacent areas. Not surprisingly, implementing many of the land use recommendations of this Plan will be greatly aided by intergovernmental cooperation, with opportunities described more fully in the Intergovernmental Cooperation Element. The Village may also take unilateral action as allowed by law to attempt to carry out its land use vision. Each of the future land use categories shown on the Future Land Use Map are described below. Each land use category description includes summarizes where that type of land uses should be promoted, the appropriate zoning districts to implement that category, policies related to future development in areas designated by that category, and overall approaches for achieving the Village’s overall vision for the future. Land Use Goals, Objectives, and Policies Goal: 1. Ensure that the character and location of all types of land uses within the Village contribute to the general health, safety, and welfare of Cross Plains’ residents and property owners. Objectives: 1. Provide for the complete range of land uses in the Village of Cross Plains by designating areas most appropriate for such uses on the Village’s Future Land Use Map. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 46 2. Achieve a compact, efficient development pattern in the Village to enhance the provision of municipal services. 3. Ensure that new development can be adequately served by existing municipal services and facilities before development projects are approved. In some cases, the Village may consider allowing homes to have private well and septic systems, exempting them from required connection to the municipal water supply, particularly in areas of steep topography. 4. Through the implementation of comprehensive planning and detailed area plans, work towards achieving the highest and best use of all vacant and underutilized lands and buildings in the Village of Cross Plains. 5. Protect established, viable residential neighborhoods from intrusions by more intensive land uses, such as intensive commercial and industrial uses, through the use or zoning or mitigation measures such as buffer yards, vegetative or structural screening, high quality site planning, sound-proofing, traffic access and control of parking lot lighting are incorporated into the design. 6. Regulate development in areas which may be annexed to the Village as identified for protection in the Water Quality Corridors in order to mitigate impacts on the area streams and maintain or enhance the base flow of those streams. 7. Improve the visual quality and physical design of the Village of Cross Plains by developing and enforcing new signage, landscaping, property maintenance, site plan review, building design, parking and outdoor storage regulations. 8. Consider the visual impacts of developments during the approval process and prevent development on or near slopes and bluffs in and around the Village. 9. Enforce parks and open space requirements for new developments. 10. Encourage cooperative planning with neighboring townships and counties to ensure that urban development is guided to the Urban Service Area and that very low density rural development (one dwelling unit per 35 acres owned and a maximum lot size of 2 acres) is encouraged in areas where municipal sanitary sewer service is not available or authorized. Policies: 1. Follow the land use recommendations that are mapped and described in this Plan when reviewing new rezoning requests and making detailed land use decisions. 2. Guide new development to areas adjacent to existing development and where logical extensions to streets, sewer lines, and water lines may occur. 3. Require annexation prior to urban development to ensure that such development is consistent with Village plans, zoning and subdivision design standards, and Village utility systems. 4. Encourage agricultural preservation and natural resource protection and discourage the development of unsewered subdivisions in areas of the towns within the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction. 5. Use cooperative planning, extraterritorial zoning and other techniques to direct intensive new development–such as subdivisions, commercial development, and industrial development–to the Village as a way to relieve pressure to develop in the towns. 6. Preserve and enhance the character of the Main Street corridor by encouraging compatible new development and redevelopment. 7. Preserve architecturally, culturally, and historically significant structures, buildings, and sites. 8. Disperse mixed-residential development throughout the Village, rather than creating large concentrations of this type of development in a just a few areas. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 47 9. Ensure that incompatible land uses are not located close to one another, or, where necessary, require adequate buffering between incompatible land uses 10. Promote road and pedestrian connections between existing and new development areas. 11. Adopt and use high-quality standards for building, site, landscape, signage, and lighting design in new development projects. 12. Protect the visual quality of major community thoroughfares by requiring all development and redevelopment along these entry corridors to include site plan and design review. 13. Modify local land development and environmental protection ordinances where necessary to implement the goals, objectives, and recommendations in this Plan, minimize potential land use conflicts, guide growth and development, ensure high-quality site development, and adequately protect water quality. Residential Land Use Categories Single Family – Exurban Description This future land use category is intended for single family residential development on private well and on-site waste treatment (septic) systems, generally at densities between 1 dwelling unit per acre and 1 dwelling unit per 35 acres. This area is mapped in the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction only, in limited areas where substantial single family residential development of this type has already occurred. Recommended Zoning The SR-1-Single Family Residential 1 zoning district is most appropriate for this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Allow land divisions in extraterritorial jurisdiction areas where applicable zoning and the Village subdivision ordinance allows for them. 2. Consider amending the Village’s land division ordinance to limit new development to a density of one residential dwelling unit per 35 acres with a maximum lot size of 2 acres. 3. Require sensitivity towards natural resources and water quality with new development projects, including assurances that concentrations of on-site waste treatment systems will not negatively affect groundwater quality and that stormwater will be properly managed according to best practices. 4. Assure that new development in these areas does not impede the logical future extension of municipal utilities or Village growth. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 48 Single Family – Urban Description This future land use category is intended for existing and planned groupings of single-family detached residences that are served by public sanitary sewer and water systems. Small public and institutional uses—such as parks, schools, churches, and stormwater facilities—may also be built on lands within this category. This category is mapped in various parts of the Village of Cross Plains where the desire is to promote or retain single family character. Recommended Zoning The Village’s R-3 through R-5 Single Family zoning districts best accommodate this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and shall comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance where practicable as determined by the Village Board, advised by the Plan Commission. 2. Develop new Single Family residential areas in accordance with carefully-considered development plans including progressive erosion control and stormwater management techniques. 3. Pursue residential infill opportunities where feasible. 4. As maintenance and rehabilitation needs arise, work with the County, State and local lenders to assist homeowners and landlords with rehabilitation projects. 5. Refer to the Housing Element for detailed housing recommendations. Two-Family/Townhouse Description This designation is primarily intended to allow groupings of attached single family residences with individual entries (e.g., zero lot line homes, townhouses, rowhouses, condominiums) and duplexes that are or will be served by public sanitary sewer and water systems. Small public and institutional uses— such as parks, schools, churches, and stormwater facilities—may also be built within this designation, if appropriate zoning is granted as considered on a case by case basis. Two-Family/Townhouse development is mapped in areas of existing development. A limited amount of Two-Family/Townhouse uses may also be included in portions of new Planned Neighborhoods. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 49 Recommended Zoning The Villages DR-6 Duplex Residential zoning district is the most appropriate for areas mapped in this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Incorporate Duplex Residential uses in Planned Neighborhoods. 2. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. 3. As maintenance and rehabilitation needs arise, work with the County, State and local lenders to assist homeowners and landlords with rehabilitation projects. 4. Refer to the Housing Element for detailed housing recommendations. Mixed Residential Description This future land use category is intended for a variety of residential units focused on multi- family housing (3+ unit buildings), served by public sanitary sewer and water systems. Single-family detached housing, attached single family residences with individual entries (e.g., townhouses, rowhouses), senior housing, and small public and institutional uses—such as parks, schools, churches, and stormwater facilities—may also be within lands mapped in this category, if appropriate zoning is granted as considered on a case by case basis. Mixed Residential uses are mapped in existing multi-family development and a limited amount of multi-family housing may also be included in portions of new Planned Neighborhoods. Recommended Zoning The Village’s MR-8 and MR-16 Multiple-Family zoning districts are the most appropriate district to implement this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 50 2. Encourage multiple-family residential building sizes of between 4 and 6 units. In any case, the size of the building shall be in scale with the surrounding neighborhood. 3. Meet minimum site, building, landscape, lighting, and other design standards included in the Housing Element and the zoning ordinance. 4. Discourage large concentrations of multi-family and duplex/townhouse developments. Rather, this type of development should be dispersed throughout Planned Neighborhood areas. 5. Support projects that include a strong program for maintaining the quality, value, and safety of the development over time. Planned Neighborhood Description The Planned Neighborhood future land use category is intended to provide for a variety of housing choices and a mix of non-residential uses such as parks, schools, religious institutions, and small-scale shopping and service areas. They are really a collection of different land use categories listed in this chapter. Planned Neighborhoods should be carefully designed as an integrated, interconnected mix of these use categories. They are by no means intended to justify an “anything goes” land use pattern. Overall, the composition and pattern of development should promote neighborhoods that instill a sense of community with their design. The Planned Neighborhood concept encourages a mix of Single-Family Residential – Urban, Two- Family/Townhouse Residential, Mixed Residential, Community Facilities, Parks, and Neighborhood Business uses. Maintaining a minimum of 65 percent Single Family Residential – Urban uses has the effect of dispersing higher density development throughout the community and limiting the concentration of any one type of development in any one area. Appropriate commercial uses include neighborhood-oriented shopping opportunities, such as a small grocery store, barber shop, bakery, or pharmacy; smaller employment opportunities (usually located on the edges of these neighborhoods); and educational facilities (usually elementary schools) for area residents. Large areas of Planned Neighborhood area mapped at the edge of the Village. Recommended Zoning The Village’s NMU-Neighborhood Mixed Use and MSMU-Main Street Mixed Use, as well as its single family (SR-3 through SR-5), duplex, and multi-family residential districts allow the land uses found in this category. Policies and Programs 1. Maintain overall residential development densities within Planned Neighborhoods of between 3 and 5 dwelling units per residential acre. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 51 2. Accommodate a mixture of housing types, costs, and densities, while maintaining the predominance of single-family housing in the community. In Planned Neighborhoods, seek a housing mix where not less than 65 percent of all housing units are in single family detached residences, with a maximum of 15 percent of units in two-family dwellings and a maximum of 20 percent of units in multiple family dwellings. 3. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. 4. Avoid rezoning any area designated for Planned Neighborhood development until public sanitary sewer and water service is available and a neighborhood development plan and specific development proposal is offered for the site. 5. Require each Planned Neighborhood to be developed following preparation of a detailed neighborhood development plan by a developer or the Village, ideally adopted as a component of the Village’s Comprehensive Plan. Such plans shall specify land use mix, density, street layouts, open space, erosion control, and stormwater management. See Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development. 6. Develop and adopt a conservation subdivision ordinance in accordance with Wis. Stat. 66.1027. 7. Develop and adopt a traditional neighborhood zoning district ordinance to allow for implementation of the traditional neighborhood design concept. 8. Adhere to the following design objectives for Planned Neighborhood areas depicted in Figure 13:  Create a distinct sense of place and charming human scale. Strategies include bringing buildings close to the sidewalk and local streets; providing public focal points with public plazas, greens and squares; creating visual interest; and designating prominent building sites.  Connect Planned Neighborhoods internally and to adjacent areas through a network of paths, sidewalks, and streets that discourage high travel speeds but still allow access to emergency and maintenance vehicles (e.g. fire trucks and snow plows).  Design neighborhoods with interconnected open space systems for recreation and progressive stormwater management.  Integrate a mix of uses and densities within and around the neighborhood commercial centers  Preserve and focus attention on environmentally sensitive areas and unique natural features.  Lay out streets, buildings, and public open spaces which take advantage of sweeping views created by local topography. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 52 Figure 13: Planned Neighborhoods Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 53 Non-Residential Land Use Categories Office/Research Description This future land use category is intended to facilitate high-quality office, research and development, recreational, and business park support uses (e.g., day care, hotel, health club, bank). Development will include generous landscaping, screened storage areas, and modest lighting and signage. Office/Research areas are mapped northeast of the Village along CTH P, as well as along Bourbon Road. Recommended Zoning The Village’s BP-Business Park allow for Office and Research land uses. Policies and Programs 1. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. 2. Encourage the use of high quality building materials, improved window treatments, high- quality loading and storage screening devices and landscaping. 3. Ensure that future office/research development is appropriately buffered from existing and planned residential development areas. 4. Adhere to adopted site and building design guidelines for office/research projects, and ordinances on other aspects of those projects like signage, landscaping, and lighting. 5. Require that all projects submit and have approved detailed building elevations and site plans, showing the proposed locations of the building(s), parking, storage, loading, signage, landscaping, and lighting prior to development approval. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 54 Neighborhood Business Description This future land use category is intended for neighborhood-scale residential, office, and neighborhood supporting institutional and commercial land uses that mainly serve the surrounding neighborhoods on public sewer, public water, and other urban services and infrastructure. There are several areas throughout the Village—general in close proximity to existing or future residential neighborhoods—that are mapped in this category. Recommended Zoning The Village’s mixed use NMU-Neighborhood Mixed Use zoning district is the most appropriate district to implement this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Encourage neighborhood-oriented retail and service businesses in areas that will conveniently serve Village neighborhoods. 2. Require that all proposed commercial projects submit a detailed site plan, building elevations, lighting plan, grading/stormwater management plan, and signage plan prior to development approval. 3. In Neighborhood Business areas, require the use of high-quality building materials and designs that are compatible with residential areas, including residential roof materials such as shingles; generous window placements; and exterior materials such as wood, cement board, vinyl siding, brick, decorative block, stone, and other materials approved by the Plan Commission. 4. Require calm, low-key, and attractive lighting and signage that are compatible with residential areas. Planned Business Description This future land use category includes large-scale commercial and office land uses, including national and regional retailers, which serve the entire community and people from nearby communities on public sewer, public water, and other urban services and infrastructure. Planned Business land uses are located south of Church Street west of Brewery Road. Recommended Zoning The Village’s mixed use district CMU-Community Mixed Use zoning district allows the implementation of this future land use category. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 55 Policies and Programs 1. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. 2. Adhere to site, building, signage, landscaping, and lighting design guidelines for commercial, large scale retail, and mixed use development projects. 3. Adhere to established standards for highway access control, shared driveways, and cross access. 4. Require that all commercial projects submit and have approved detailed building elevations and site plans, showing the proposed locations of the building(s), parking, storage, loading, signage, landscaping, and lighting prior to development approval. 5. Prohibit the unscreened outdoor storage of equipment or materials, except for automobiles. 6. Consider the relationship between development in the Planned Business areas and existing and future development behind these sites. Avoid inhibiting future access to sites behind commercial properties and creating an unattractive appearance which will inhibit future development of these sites. 7. Encourage uses that are most appropriate for the Village’s Main Street area to develop or remain in the downtown, rather than in locations designated as Planned Business. Main Street Description The unique incorporation of the two hamlets into one Village created two areas of downtown character development in Cross Plains along Highway 14. These areas are intended to remain the civic, social, and commercial hub of the community. This opportunity has recently been enhanced through the revitalization planning efforts along Highway 14. This category is intended for a mix of retail, commercial service, office, institutional, governmental, and residential (mainly upper stories) uses arranged in a pedestrian-oriented environment with on-street parking; minimal front and side yard building setbacks; and building designs, materials, placement, and scale that are compatible with the character of existing development. The Main Street future land use category is mapped over the historic Main Street areas. Recommended Zoning The Village’s MSMU-Main Street Mixed Use is the most appropriate zoning district for this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Follow the recommendations of the Cross Plains Downtown Revitalization Plan, which provides additional detail on desired future land uses along Highway 14 in the Village. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 56 2. Preserve the architectural and historic character of the Main Street areas and buildings by requiring that new development, expansions, and exterior renovations comply with general design standards in the Downtown Revitalization Plan. 3. Grant development approvals only after submittal, public review, and approval or site, landscaping, building, signage, lighting, stormwater, erosion control, and utility plans. 4. Encourage commercial developments that are most appropriate for the historic Main Street areas to locate or remain there, rather than in other business districts in the Village. 5. Promote the expansion, retention, and upgrading of specialty retail, restaurants, financial services, offices, professional services, residential, and community uses through marketing, investment and incentive strategies. 6. Adopt a central business zoning district to preserve the character of Main Street areas consistent with the characteristics of Figure 14 and the guidelines identified in “Cross Plains Main Street Design Standards” including use, two story minimums, and “build to lines”. Figure 14: Appropriate Historic Main Street Development Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 57 Planned Mixed Use Description This future land use category is intended to facilitate a carefully controlled mix of commercial and residential uses on public sewer, public water, and other urban services and infrastructure. This category advises a carefully designed blend of Planned Business, Light Industrial, Mixed Residential, and Community Facilities land uses. Planned Mixed Use land uses are focused along Bourbon Road. Recommended Zoning The Village’s CMU-Community Mixed Use, BP-Business Park and MR-8 and MR-16, and C-Conservation zoning districts allow this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Carefully review all projects in Planned Mixed Use areas to ensure an appropriate mix of uses which are compatible with neighboring properties and the Village’s vision for the area. The precise mix of uses and zoning districts should be at the Village’s discretion, rather than the property owner. 2. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. 3. Grant development approvals only after submittal, public review, and approval or site, landscaping, building, signage, lighting, stormwater, erosion control, and utility plans. 4. In Planned Mixed Use areas, require the use of high-quality building materials and designs as approved by the Plan Commission. 5. Adhere to established standards for highway access control, shared driveways, and cross access. Light Industrial Description This future land use category is intended to facilitate indoor-oriented manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution land uses with moderate landscaping and signage, served by public sewer, public water, and other urban services and infrastructure. Light Industrial areas are mapped northeast of the Village east of CTH P and on the west side of the Village on Main Street. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 58 Recommended Zoning While the Village’s LI-Light Industrial and BP-Business Park zoning districts will accommodate this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. As opportunities for reinvestment and redevelopment of existing industrial properties occur, improve the appearance of building facades exposed to the public view, including loading docks and storage areas. 2. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. 3. Encourage the use of high quality building materials, improved window treatments, high- quality loading and storage screening devices and landscaping. 4. Ensure that future industrial development is appropriately buffered from existing and planned residential development areas. 5. Adhere to adopted site and building design guidelines for industrial projects, and ordinances on other aspects of those projects like signage, landscaping, and lighting. 6. Require that all industrial projects submit and have approved detailed building elevations and site plans, showing the proposed locations of the building(s), parking, storage, loading, signage, landscaping, and lighting prior to development approval. 7. Enforce the Performance Standards outlined in the zoning ordinance to limit the impact of Light Industrial land uses on adjacent and nearby property, including limits on excessive, noise, odor, glare, vibration, storage of hazardous and/or waste materials, and emanations of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste products. General Industrial Description This future land use category includes indoor manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, and office uses, often with significant outdoor storage or processing of materials. New development should adhere to high-quality building design, generous landscaping, modest lighting, screened storage and processing areas, and limited and attractive signage. These areas should be located near arterial roads and away from existing or planned residential areas and high visibility community gateways whenever possible. The Village has not mapped any specific areas in this category at this time. Instead, the Village will consider applications for rezoning and Plan amendment for general industrial uses on a case-by-case basis. Recommended Zoning The Village’s GI-General Industrial and ME-Mineral Extraction zoning district will accommodate this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. As opportunities for reinvestment and redevelopment of existing industrial properties occur, improve the appearance of building facades exposed to the public view, including loading docks and storage areas. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 59 2. Future development in this designation will be served by the Village’s public sanitary sewer and water systems and comply with the erosion and stormwater management requirements of the Village’s subdivision ordinance. 3. Encourage the use of moderate quality building materials, improved window treatments, effective loading and storage screening devices and landscaping. 4. Ensure that future industrial development is appropriately buffered from existing and planned residential development areas. 5. Adhere to adopted site and building design guidelines for industrial projects, and ordinances on other aspects of those projects like signage, landscaping, and lighting. 6. Require that all industrial projects submit and have approved detailed building elevations and site plans, showing the proposed locations of the building(s), parking, storage, loading, signage, landscaping, and lighting prior to development approval. 7. Enforce the Performance Standards outlined in the zoning ordinance to limit the impact of General Industrial land uses on adjacent and nearby property, including limits on excessive, noise, odor, glare, vibration, storage of hazardous and/or waste materials, and emanations of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste products. Community Facilities Description This future land use category is designed to facilitate large-scale public buildings, schools, religious institutions, power plants and substations, hospitals, and special care facilities. The Future Land Use Map generally shows existing locations of such facilities. Future small-scale institutional uses may also be located in areas planned for residential, commercial, office, industrial, or mixed uses, while larger-scale institutional uses should generally be avoided in planned residential areas. Recommended Zoning While community facilities are conditional uses in all zoning districts, the Village should consider adopting an institutional or community facilities zoning district to implement this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Require and review a detailed site and operations plan before new or expanded institutional uses are approved. 2. Existing residential uses shall be adequately buffered from the institutional use via the use of decorative fencing, vegetative screening, berms or similar features. 3. Existing institutional uses shall work with the surrounding neighborhood to discuss potential long- term expansion plans and how these plans would impact the area. Pre-identified institutional expansion areas shall be delineated by institutions whenever possible to minimize the potential for future land use conflicts. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 60 4. As a general rule, institutional uses should not generate on-street parking in residential neighborhoods. All parking needs for institutional uses should be met on-site. 5. Institutional uses shall be designed to be easily served by transit vehicles. 6. Continue to work with the Middleton-Cross Plains School District to coordinate uses and activities on district-owned land. 7. Encourage collaboration among the Public Works, Fire, and Police Department, and other providers of Village services, on accommodating future service needs, as described in greater detail in the Utilities and Community Facilities Element. 8. Adopt an institutional or community facilities zoning district to implement this future land use category. Such a district should allow major public and quasi-public uses such as cemeteries, municipal buildings, parks, and schools. Rural/Environmental Land Use Categories Agriculture/Rural Description The Agriculture/Rural future land use category is established and mapped on Maps 4a and 4b within the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction to preserve productive agricultural and forest lands in the long-term, protect existing farm operations from encroachment by incompatible uses, promote further investments in farming, and maintain farmer eligibility for incentive programs. This category focuses on lands actively used for farming, with productive agricultural soils, with topographic conditions suitable for farming, and with long-term suitability for farming. This category also includes scattered open lands and woodlots, farmsteads, agricultural-related uses, such as implement dealerships, associated home occupations and small family businesses which do not interfere with the interests of nearby property owners, small-scale forest production and processing, and limited single- family residential development at densities at or below one home per 35 acres, with a maximum lots size of 2 acres. Recommended Zoning The Village’s RH-35 Rural Holding zoning district and C-Conservation zoning district will accommodate this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Continue to act as an approval authority on proposed land divisions within the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction to help assure the implementation of this desired future land use designation. 2. Support land developments in this area only where clearly related to the description above and where proposed housing (or other non-farm use) is at very low densities. 3. Do not extend sanitary sewer service or public water service into Agriculture/Rural areas until and unless the Village changes the future land use category for such areas through a Comprehensive Plan amendment. 4. Work with the adjoining Towns and County to achieve these policies and programs in a cooperative manner. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 61 Parks Description This category generally includes publicly-owned land designated as Village parks or other recreational facilities owned by public or non-profit agencies. Some Park areas may also be accommodated within other land use categories, such as in Single Family Residential – Urban areas and Planned Neighborhoods. Recommended Zoning While parks are conditional uses in all zoning districts, and are permitted in BP-Business Park, C- Conservation, LI-Light Industrial, and GI-General Industrial zoning districts, the Village should consider adopting an institutional or community facilities zoning district to implement this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. Update the Village’s park impact ordinance to ensure that new residential development provides public park and recreational facilities, or fees in lieu of such facilities, following State statutory requirements. 2. Follow the Village’s Parks and Open Space Plan when making decisions related to the park system, and update that plan every five years. 3. Ensure that all land use decisions take into consideration the recommendations included in the Utilities and Community Facilities Element of this Plan. 4. Design future planned neighborhoods around and with access to environmental corridors and Parks areas without negatively affecting them from an environmental standpoint. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 62 Conservancy Description This category generally includes publicly-owned land designated as State or County natural areas or other recreational facilities. Conservancy is mapped along Black Earth Creek through the Village and conservation-owned land. Recommended Zoning The Village’s C-Conservation zoning district is most appropriate for areas within this future land use category, but the land use is permitted in all zoning districts. Policies and Programs 1. Continue to work with local and state agencies and organizations to protect sensitive natural areas. 2. Ensure that future development is appropriately buffered from existing and planned Conservancy areas. 3. Continue to work with WisDNR, Dane County, and others to coordinate possible connections between public recreation areas and the Village. 4. Ensure that all land use decisions take into consideration the recommendations included in the Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural and Community Facilities Elements of this Plan. 5. Low impact harvesting for conservation areas; if no special restriction. 6. Allow low impact timber harvesting in Conservancy areas, is no special restrictions exist. 7. Update the Village’s conservation land dedication requirements for all new development per the 2018 Parks and Open Space Master Plan’s recommended standards. Woodlands Description This category generally includes tracts of woodlands and scattered open space lands. Woodlands are mapped throughout the planning area, particularly on hilltops. Recommended Zoning The Village’s C-Conservation zoning district is most appropriate for areas within this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. If development is proposed in areas where Woodlands have been mapped or are adjoining, the landowner or developer is responsible for determining the exact boundaries of the Woodlands and preserving these areas. 2. Continue to work with local and state agencies and organizations to protect sensitive natural areas. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 63 3. Continue to work with WisDNR, Dane County, and others to coordinate possible connections between public recreation areas and the Village. 4. Ensure that all land use decisions take into consideration the recommendations included in the Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural and Community Facilities Elements of this Plan. Environmental Corridor Description The Environmental Corridor category includes generally continuous open space systems based on lands that have sensitive natural resources and limitations for development. This designation includes WisDNR identified wetlands subject to existing State-mandated zoning, FEMA designated floodplains, and slopes of 20 percent or greater. Environmental Corridor areas are generally located along the creeks. Recommended Zoning The Village’s C-Conservation zoning district is most appropriate for areas within this future land use category. Policies and Programs 1. New development in mapped Environmental Corridor areas should be prohibited. 2. If development is proposed in areas where environmental corridors have been mapped or are adjoining, the landowner or developer is responsible for determining the exact boundaries of the Environmental Corridor based on the wetland, floodplain, or steep slope that comprise the corridor. 3. Continue to allow existing agricultural uses (cropping, grazing, or other preexisting agricultural uses) within Environmental Corridors. Water Quality Corridors Description This designation is an overlay to identify areas within the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction where development may have particularly significant impacts on streams so that special protection measures are taken to protect stream water quality and base flow should these areas be annexed. Recommended Zoning See the underlying future land use category for the most appropriate Village zoning district. Policies and Programs See the Natural Resources section of Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources for policies and programs for this overlay future land use category. In addition, the policies and programs of the underlying future land use category should apply. See Appendix B for Future Land Use and Zoning District Table. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 64 Other Land Use Recommendations Opportunities for Redevelopment Glacier’s Edge Square. As one of the most concentrated commercial areas outside of downtown, Glacier’s Edge Square is a mixed-use development that includes first floor retail and condominium residential on the upper floors. Feedback shared during the public participation process for this Plan Update highlighted concerns with the development, particularly its retail vacancy, infrastructure maintenance, traffic flow, and façade appearance. The Village conducted a public planning process in 2017 and produced the Glacier’s Edge Square Redevelopment Plan. This process engaged residents to hear concerns, identify goals, and suggest recommendations for redevelopment of the Glacier’s Edge site. Plan recommendations include: • Create building design guidelines to shape standards for building façades and architectural character, material choice, and signage. • Create a Façade Improvement Grant or Loan Program • Create site and streetscaping standards, including minimum maintenance requirements for sidewalks and walkways, landscaping, street furniture, street conditions, and Glacier’s Edge Park. Additionally, the plan provided three redevelopment alternatives and a staff approved concept plan that reimagine the use of space and flow of traffic on the site as well as the landscaping and design aesthetics. The Village should work with the community and the Glacier’s Edge Square property owners to prioritize redevelopment opportunities on the site and implement the recommendations outlined in the plan. Former Cross Plains Pharmacy. The former Cross Plains Pharmacy site, located at 1840 Main Street, is a prime redevelopment opportunity in downtown. The site is recommended for Main Street use on the Future Land Use Map and could be used for commercial service, retail, office, residential, or a mix of uses. Close to Zander Park and the improvements made to Black Earth Creek, redevelopment of the Pharmacy site could capitalize on the transportation improvements made to Main Street and the development of local gathering places like Crossroads Coffeehouse. “Smart Growth” Areas “Smart Growth” Areas are defined by the State of Wisconsin as “areas that will enable the development and redevelopment of lands with existing infrastructure and municipal, State, and utility services, where practical, or that will encourage efficient development patterns that are both contiguous to existing development and at densities which will have relatively low municipal, State governmental, and utility costs.” In Cross Plains, Smart Growth areas are located in two areas along Main Street: from CTH P to Hickory Street and Spring Street to the Village boundary. Redevelopment and infill development in these areas will not only be cost efficient, but it will help the Village enhance its image, character, and non-residential tax and job base. ú ú ú ú ú Black EarthCreek Black Earth C reek Park St W Brew ery Rd N Hill Point Rd Thinnes St G ils W ay Church St Bourbon Rd Valley St Luden Dr Hillside Tr Westview Ct Elmwood Cir Round Table Way Hickory Hills St Julius St Laufenberg Blvd Scheele Rd Military Rd C enter St East St Hillebrand Dr Main St Caesar St M ill St Martin St Bollenbeck St Hickory St M arvin C t Woodside Dr Esser St Allie's Ln M arket St SaintFrancesSt Stone Valley Rd Scheele Rd Main St Pleasant View LnSaeman St Airport Rd Church St Thinnes St Main St £¤14")P ")P ")KP ")KP ° Map 4a: Future Land Use-Village View Parcels Surface Water Railroads Village of Cross Plains Boundary Office/Research Neighborhood Business Planned Business Single Family-Urban Two-Family/Townhouse Mixed Residential Planned Neighborhood Single Family-Exurban Downtown Planned Mixed Use 1. Office/Research 2. Mixed Residential 3. Community Facilities 4. Planned Business 1 23 4 1. Single Family-Urban 2. Two-Family/Townhouse 3. Mixed Residential 4. Community Facilities 5. Office/Research 6. Planned Business 7. Parks 1 2 345 6 7 Town Boundaries Pedestrian/Bike Bridge ú Date: October 26, 2018 Sources: Dane Co. LIO, Vandewalle & Associates Shapes on map represent general recommendations for future land use. Actual boundaries between different land use categories and associated zoning districts may vary somewhat from representations on this map. Please see the Village's Comprehensive Plan document for specific policies related to the land use categories shown on this map. Existing (not future) land use pattern shown for adjacent towns. Environmental Corridors depicted on this map use generalized boundaries of environmental features identified on air photos by the DNR and Dane County. Actual Environmental Corridor boundaries are to be refined through detailed on-site investigation. 0 0.25 0.50.125 Miles Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan 962 Ft Contour (Est. Lower Limit of High Water Pressure Elevation Zone 1) Long Term Growth Area Environmental Corridor Woodlands/Open Space Parks Conservancy Agriculture/Rural Community Facilities General Industrial Light Industrial Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 66 Page intentionally left blank !!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!! Black Earth Creek Black Earth C reek V £¤14 £¤14 £¤14 ")P ")P ")P ")P ")KP ")KP ")KP ")KP ")K Airport Road Stagecoach Road GarfootRoad N HillPointRoad Enchanted Valley Road W Hill PointRoad ° Map 4b: Future Land Use-ETJ View Parcels Surface Water Extraterritorial Boundary!! ! ! ! Railroads Village of Cross Plains Boundary Office/Research Neighborhood Business Planned Business Single Family-Urban Two-Family/Townhouse Mixed Residential Planned Neighborhood Single Family-Exurban Downtown Planned Mixed Use 1. Office/Research 2. Mixed Residential 3. Community Facilities 4. Planned Business 1 23 4 1. Single Family-Urban 2. Two-Family/Townhouse 3. Mixed Residential 4. Community Facilities 5. Office/Research 6. Planned Business 7. Parks 1 2 345 6 7 Town Boundaries Cross Plains Urban Service Area Date: October 26, 2018 Sources: Dane Co. LIO, Vandewalle & Associates Shapes on map represent general recommendations for future land use. Actual boundaries between different land use categories and associated zoning districts may vary somewhat from representations on this map. Please see the Village's Comprehensive Plan document for specific policies related to the land use categories shown on this map. Existing (not future) land use pattern shown for adjacent towns. Environmental Corridors depicted on this map use generalized boundaries of environmental features identified on air photos by the DNR and Dane County. Actual Environmental Corridor boundaries are to be refined through detailed on-site investigation. 0 0.5 10.25 Miles Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Ice Age Trail Corridor 962 Ft Contour (Est. Lower Limit of High Water Pressure Elevation Zone 1) Long Term Growth Area Environmental Corridor Woodlands/Open Space Parks Conservancy Agriculture/Rural Community Facilities General Industrial Light Industrial Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Three: Land Use Adopted: December 17, 2018 68 Page intentionally left blank Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 69 Chapter Four: Transportation This chapter includes a compilation of background information, goals, objectives, policies and recommended programs to guide the future development and maintenance of various modes of transportation in the Village of Cross Plains. The chapter also compares the Village’s transportation policies and programs to state, county, and regional transportation plans. Existing Transportation Facilities Existing Street Network Roads are classified into different types based on their capacity. The Village of Cross Plains has minor arterials and major collectors as well as local collectors. According to the Regional Transportation Plan for Dane County, roads designated as minor arterials serve cities, large communities, and other major traffic generators providing intra-regional and inter-area traffic movements. In Cross Plains, USH 14 is considered a minor arterial. Major collectors provide service to moderately sized communities and other intra-area traffic generators, and link those generators to nearby larger population centers and higher function routes. In the Village, CTH P, CTH KP, Airport Road and Bourbon Road are considered to be major collectors. In addition, the network of roads in the Village includes many smaller roads, designated as local collector roads. Average daily traffic counts are maintained and projected for state and county roads by the Department of Transportation. The data below indicate strong annual growth in traffic on the Village’s major roads, most notably USH 14 West of the Village, CTH KP south of 14, and CTH P north of 14. Figure 15: Vehicular Traffic Flows for Selected Road Segments Annual Average Daily Traffic Location 2009 2012 2016 2018 CTH P north of Village 3,200 N/A N/A N/A CTH P Church Street 6,000 N/A 4,500 N/A CTH P south of Village 4,200 3,900 N/A 3,500 USH 14 and Water St. 11,000 12,000 N/A 11,000 USH 14 west of Village N/A 12,300 9,600 9,800 CTH KP west of Village N/A 1,200 1,100 1,300 WisDOT Wisconsin Highway Traffic Volume Data TRANSPORTATION RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Expand walking and biking opportunities in the Village and develop a Village Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan.  Conduct a downtown parking study.  Develop an Official Map based on the recommendations of this Plan. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 70 Existing Roadway Conditions Using data from community pavement assessments, Wisconsin Information System for Local Roads (WISLR) enables communities and the State to begin to assess Wisconsin’s local roadway system. The PASER system, which was designed by the Transportation Information Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, rates road surfaces from a scale of 1 to 10. This scale is broken down as followings: “1" and “2”, very poor condition; “3”, poor condition; “4” and “5”, fair condition; “6” and “7”, good condition; “8”, very good condition; and “9” and “10", excellent condition. In addition to its use in WISLR, the rating system gives communities a detailed assessment of the appropriate maintenance method for each road segment under their jurisdiction. The Village of Cross Plains maintains a PASER analysis. This analysis can be obtained from the Village offices or the Public Works Dept. Transit Service and Paratransit Service The Village does not currently operate a public transit system. However, Dane County does offer transportation services for adults with developmental disabilities through the Department of Human Services. Rail Road Service Wisconsin and Southern Railroad maintains a rail line that runs through the Village. Aviation Service The Village of Cross Plains is served by the Dane County Regional Airport (19 miles east of the Village). Commercial air carriers that offer service from the Dane County Regional Airport include American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, and United Airlines. More than 1.9 million passengers use this airport. Middleton Municipal Airport (Morey Field) is a small, general aviation airport in the City of Middleton available for private plane owners. This airport is located 8 miles east of the Village. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation There are limited sidewalks for pedestrians within the Village. Sidewalks are available along both sides of Main Street, and in select newer subdivisions. Bike routes through the Village generally use the existing roadways, which is adequate except on major arterial streets, where marked bike lanes would improve safety. Trucking Within a 20-mile radius of the Village there are a number of trucking firms. Truck traffic is most prevalent on USH 14. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 71 Water Transportation There is no water transportation available within the Village. The nearest navigable commercial waterways are the Mississippi River at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin (90 miles west) or Lake Michigan at Milwaukee, Wisconsin (100 miles east). Commute to Work Census data show that the 21 percent of Village residents have a one-way work commute of less than 10 minutes. The data also show nearly 80 percent of residents travel for less than 30 minutes to work. Only 5.3 percent report commutes of 45 minutes or more. Dane County and the Wisconsin Census counts show similar patterns. The mean travel time for the Village is 19.1 minutes. This compares to 20.9 for Dane County, and 21.9 for the state. Figure 16: Travel Time to Work Village of Cross Plains Dane County Wisconsin Under 10 minutes 20.7% 14.8% 18.3% 10 to 14 12.0% 16.9% 16.7% 15 to 19 20.0% 18.5% 16.6% 20 to 24 16.3% 17.6% 14.7% 25 to 29 10.9% 8.2% 6.7% 30 to 34 10.1% 12.1% 10.7% 35 to 44 4.8% 5.3% 5.9% 45 to 59 2.5% 3.6% 5.6% 60 minutes or more 2.8% 3.1% 4.8% Mean travel time to work (minutes) 19.1 20.9 21.9 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates The Village of Cross Plains and surrounding area currently have no official park-and-ride facilities. Review of State and Regional Transportation Plans The following is a review of state and regional transportation plans and studies that are relevant to the Village. Wisconsin State Highway Plan 2020 The Wisconsin State Highway Plan focuses on the 11,800 miles of State Trunk Highway routes in Wisconsin. The plan does not identify specific projects, but broad strategies and policies to improve the state highway system through 2020. Given its focus, the plan does not identify improvement needs on roads under local jurisdiction. This Plan includes three main areas of emphasis: pavement and bridge preservation, traffic movement, and safety. This Plan does not provide any Cross Plains-specific recommendations. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 72 Wisconsin Southwest Region Highway Improvement Program 2018 The WisDOT maintains a six-year improvement program for state and federal highways within the Region. Projects in the 2018-2023 improvement program include resurfacing and bridge rehabilitation on Highway 14 in Oregon, Evansville, and Spring Green. These projects are planned for 2021-2023. No projects in the 2018-2023 improvement program directly affect roads within the Village. Wisconsin DOT Connections 2030 Connections 2030 links statewide transportation policy to implementation, planning, programming, and other Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) activities. The plan calls for improved system integration for passengers and freight, as well as modernization to correct outdated infrastructure design and combine technological advancements with more traditional transportation infrastructure designs. The plan sets policy directions for the state trunk highway system, public transit, intercity travel, freight movement, bicycle and pedestrian travel, and funding, project scheduling and prioritization decisions. 2050 Regional Transportation Plan for Madison Metropolitan Area and Dane County The 2050 Regional Transportation Plan was adopted in 2017. It is a multi-modal system plan that pro- vides an overall framework for transportation planning and investment decision making in the Madison Metropolitan Area and Dane County. It identifies transportation projects and actions to be implemented. The Plan recommends establishing a regional express bus network that would connect Cross Plains to downtown Madison. Transport 2020: Transportation Alternatives Analysis for the Dane County/Greater Madison Metropolitan Area WisDOT, Dane County, and the City of Madison jointly conducted this transportation alternatives analysis between 2000 and 2002. The Transport 2020 report, released in 2002, identified a future transit system to address current and future needs and achieve regional goals identified in the planning process. As a result of this planning process, the reported “Locally Preferred Alternative” includes a network of strategically located park-and-ride lots, new regional express bus service to several Dane County communities (including Cross Plains), and new passenger rail service (i.e., commuter rail and urban streetcar service) operating in the central part of Madison. Dane County Land Use and Transportation Plan The Dane County Comprehensive Plan includes recommendations for a number of different components of the countywide transportation system designed to serve the County’s development for the next 20 years. The plan includes recommendations for include transit, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, highways, transportation facilities for the disabled, railroads, air transportation, trucking and water transportation. One of the plan’s objectives is to develop express commuter transit and vanpool services between the central Madison area and outlying villages and cities, including park and ride lots along major travel corridors and at transit system transfer points. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 73 Wisconsin State Airport System Plan 2030 This plan includes a general inventory of existing airport facilities in the state and provides a framework for the preservation and enhancement of a system of public-use airports to meet the current and future aviation needs of the state. It includes recommendations to upgrade existing facilities through runway extensions and replacements and facility improvements, but does not identify any new locations for airports to meet future needs. The Plan recommends land clearing around runway approaches and land use zoning ordinance updates related to the Dane County Regional Airport. Wisconsin Rail Plan 2030 The statewide Wisconsin Tail Plan 2030 creates a long-range rail transportation plan for freight rail, intercity passenger rail, and commuter rail. The Plan provides a vision for rail in Wisconsin and identifies priorities that inform system improvement strategies over the next 20 years. Bicycle Transportation Plan for the Madison Metropolitan Area and Dane County The 2015 Bicycle Transportation Plan for the Madison Metropolitan Area and Dane County is intended to increase bicycling levels throughout Dane County and serve as a blueprint for continuing to improve bicycling conditions and safety. The Plan describes the economic, equity, health, and environmental benefits of bicycling; establishes plan vision, goals, and strategies; provides an analysis of existing bicycle facilities, conditions, and deficiencies throughout the region; and discusses equity and environmental justice issues. It also provides recommendations for education, encouragement, enforcement activities and activities related to engineering, planning, and end-of-trip facilities. The Plan identifies the Good Neighbor Trail as a future planned priority regional trail that will connect Cross Plains to surrounding communities like Middleton and Mazomanie. Bicycle Facility Design Standards According to the Federal Highway Administration’s Implementing Bicycle Improvements at the Local Level, the following specifications are recommended: “To accommodate bicyclists, a minimum paved shoulder width of 1.2 m (4 ft.) should be provided. However, paved shoulders that are as narrow as 0.9m (3 ft) can also help improve cond itions for bicyclists and a re recommended where 1.2 -m (4 -ft.) widths cannot be achieved. Generally, any additional paved shoulder width is better than none at all. The width of a usable paved shoulder should be measured from the edge of a gutter pan. Where guardrails, curbs, or other roadside barriers exist, the minimum recommended width of a paved shoulder is 1.5 m (5 ft). Additional shoulder width over the recommended minimums is always desirable where higher bicycle usage is expected; where motor vehicle speeds exceed 90 km/h (56 mi/h); where there is a high percentage of large vehicles such as trucks, buses and recreational vehicles; or where static obstructions exist at the right side of the roadway. In general, the recommendations for paved shoulder wi dths found in AASHTO’s A Po licy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets serve bicycles well since wide shoulders are required on heavily traveled, high -speed roads carrying large numbers of trucks. To be useful for bicyclists, shoulders should be smoothly paved.” Specific standards can be located in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AASHTO’s Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities published in 1999. Contact the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) by mail at P.O. Box 96716, Washington, DC, 20090-6716 or by Phone at (888) 227-4860. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 74 The Bicycle Transportation Plan for the Madison Urban Area and Dane County, Wisconsin maintains a detailed section on recommended design guidelines for bike facilities, signage, lane markings, and bicycle parking. Wisconsin Bicycle Transportation Plan 2020 Wisconsin Bicycle Transportation Plan 2020 presents a blueprint for improving conditions for bicycling, clarifies the WisDOT’s role in bicycle transportation, and establishes policies for further integrating bicycling into the current transportation system. While this plan does not include any Cross Plains specific recommendations, the plan map illustrates existing state trails and future “priority corridors and key linkages” for bicycling along the State Trunk Highway system in Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Pedestrian Policy Plan 2020 The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) developed the Wisconsin Pedestrian Policy Plan 2020 to provide a long-range vision addressing Wisconsin pedestrian needs. The Pedestrian Plan provides a basic description of existing and emerging pedestrian needs over the next 20 years, with a set of recommendations to meet those needs. WisDOT’s efforts ensure that this plan complements both existing and future long-range transportation plans. Transportation Goals, Objectives, and Policies Goals: 1. To provide a safe, convenient and efficient multi-modal transportation system in the Village of Cross Plains. Objectives: 1. Link Cross Plains’ transportation system with the regional transportation system through coordinated long-range transportation and land use planning. Participate in countywide efforts to develop public transportation between Cross Plains and the Madison area. This includes provisions for additional ride-share vans or other mass transit options. 2. Cooperate and coordinate with existing ongoing regional transportation and land use efforts, such as the Dane County Comprehensive Plan and Transport 2020. 3. Identify potential future ride share lots, park and rides, and a possible station for future commuter rail service, bus service, private or public commuter options. 4. Minimize the impact of new transportation projects on existing homes, businesses and natural resources. 5. Take full advantage of the economic development possibilities associated with the Village’s access and proximity to regional rail lines. 6. Provide safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle routes between residential areas, schools, shopping areas, parks, medical facilities, employment centers and mass transit facilities. Identify bicycle routes with appropriate signs. 7. Support Main Street development which seeks to minimize problems with pedestrian safety, traffic flow, and vehicular access. 8. Provide adequate parking for the Main Street area. Consider structured parking, alternative street parking, and shared parking facilities if more parking is needed. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 75 9. Continue the implementation of the US14 Streetscape and Signage Plan, adopted in 2015. 10. Improve the visual quality of Village gateway corridors including USH 14, CTH P, and CTH KP by revising existing Village ordinances which regulate development. Policies: 1. All new development along existing and proposed transit corridors shall be designed so that it can be conveniently served with bus, commuter rail, light rail or other transit systems. Site plan reviews will include a thorough analysis of whether or not the proposed development is designed in a manner that will allow it to be served by transit vehicles (e.g. buses, car pools, vans, rails, etc.). 2. All new developments shall construct pedestrian and bicycle facilities that connect to the existing Village system. These shall include sidewalks, and may also include bike paths if such paths exist or are planned for construction on adjoining property. 3. Direct access to arterial streets shall only be allowed for major facilities such as large shopping centers or other significant traffic generators. 4. Whenever possible, aesthetic improvements such as canopy shade trees along terraces, pedestrian scale theme lighting, landscaped boulevards, traffic circles, banners, benches, etc. shall be included in all arterial and collector street construction and reconstruction projects. 5. Work with Dane county to enhance and expand the recreation related transportation routes for hiking, biking, cross country skiing, and snowmobiling and link them with other areas of the Village. 6. Require sidewalks in new developments to enable a diversity of local transportation options. 7. Discourage the creation of cul de sacs except in very limited situations (e.g. existing topography or development pattern necessitates their use). 8. Update the subdivision ordinance to require multiple points of vehicular access, and establish block length and circulation guidelines for all new subdivisions. 9. Protect the traffic carrying capacity of arterial streets in the Village by restricting on-street parking in certain areas and limiting the number of driveways which provide direct vehicular access to heavily traveled thoroughfares. Support development of a collector street system that complements arterial (USH 14) and local street systems to avoid through traffic on neighborhood streets. 10. Where feasible, redesign and reconstruct existing intersections, which are presently not well designed. 11. Utilize the Official Map to reserve right of ways for future arterial and collector streets, pedestrian and bicycle paths, bridges, riverwalks, rail lines, airport facilities, transit facilities and other transportation-related features. 12. Encourage neighboring towns and Dane County to work closely with the Village of Cross Plains to implement the transportation recommendations and policies presented in this Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan. 13. Coordinate with other units of government as necessary to ensure adequate transportation facilities for trucking, transit, and rail, as well as air and water travel and transit. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 76 Transportation Programs and Recommendations This section builds from the policies identified above, and suggests particular actions, positions, and programs that the Village may undertake over the next 20 years. Transportation System Improvements The transportation system improvement recommendations are intended to be used in conjunction with the land use recommendations presented in the previous chapter of this Plan. In general, roadways within Cross Plains should provide multiple routes to most destinations, while minimizing potential conflicts between residential and non-residential land uses. Spreading traffic among several roads allows for the most efficient use of transportation dollars and minimizes traffic congestion on a few main roads. An interconnected system is also preferred for bike and pedestrian access, police and fire service, street maintenance, and snow plowing. All new subdivisions should be designed with road connections to future planned subdivisions; sidewalks on at least one side of the street; cul-de-sacs should be avoided unless natural features (e.g., topography, wetlands) prevent the extension or looping of a through roadway. Recommended street system improvements are listed below and shown on Map 5:  Prior to the development of lands designated as Planned Neighborhood on the Future Land Use Map, the Village shall require developers to work with Village staff to develop a street system plan for the proposed new neighborhood.  The Village should adopt an access control ordinance that applies to all arterial streets within the Village and its ETJ area.  The Village should pursue a pedestrian bridge or elevated crossing on Highway KP to accommodate residents living in neighborhoods to the south of Main Street.  Conduct a downtown parking needs study to address Main Street park loss following improvements to Main Street. As part of the study, explore opportunities for public parking lots. Official Mapping Recommended street system improvements in the Cross Plains planning area include adoption of an official map that identifies existing streets, expansions of existing street rights-of-way, rights-of-way for proposed new streets. Chapter 62.23 Wis. Stats. authorizes cities to create and adopt official maps for lands within the municipality and the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the municipality. The Village should also identify rights of way that are currently operated as Village streets, but are not dedicated to the Village. The Official Map would also identify future major and minor collector streets. County Trunk Highways P and KP within the Cross Plains extraterritorial planning jurisdiction should be officially mapped with minimum rights-of-way of 100 feet. USH 14 should be officially mapped with minimum rights-of-way of at least 120 feet depending upon the amount of existing development along the existing corridors. The Official Map could also identify future stormwater management areas, parks, multi-use paths, and other trails. Bike and Pedestrian Facilities Non-vehicular options are an important component of the overall transportation system and community feedback suggests there is a demand among Village residents for transportation alternatives. In order to build a comprehensive and connected bicycle and pedestrian network that connects residents and visitors to desirable destinations, the Village should complete a Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 77 The bicycle and pedestrian planning process will include an inventory of existing on- and off-street facilities, including bike lanes, bike paths, and sidewalks. A Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan will include an analysis of key community destinations, preferred routes, traffic conditions, and bicycle and pedestrian facility design standards. Recommendations from this Plan should be prioritized and implemented to serve all street users, regardless of age, ability, income, or location. Bicycle and sidewalk route improvements should be integrated into public street improvements, wherever possible. Development of off-street recreation trails should be pursued in cooperation with public and private partners as opportunities arise through development, redevelopment, and preservation efforts. The planning process should incorporate Dane County plans for a regional bike route between the City of Madison and Mazomanie. The Village also intends to investigate the development of a pedestrian walkway along the Black Earth Creek to minimize conflicts with USH 14 and encourage increased enjoyment and use of this natural resource. Main Street Transportation Recommendations: Due to its location along USH 14, downtown presents several transportation-related challenges. The Village intends to pursue the following to minimize impacts:  Coordinate future Main Street developments to ensure that they maximize pedestrian safety and minimize access points to high-volume traffic routes, especially US 14.  Engage the Cross Plains Chamber of Commerce to encourage Main Street businesses to develop joint site development plans to encourage shared usage of space while improving the overall Main Street economy, such as parking and trash/recycling collection sites.  Identify underutilized areas in the Main Street corridor that could be expanded to create more parking.  Develop and plan for a directional signage system in the Village, including direction to downtown parking areas. See Chapter Two: Agricultural, Natural, and Cultural Resources for detailed recommendations.  Amend the Village’s zoning ordinance to allow for shared parking facilities. Develop incentives to encourage the development of shared parking spaces in future new developments. Other Transportation Options The Village should continue to work with the State, County and other transportation providers to support additional transportation options, including commuter facilities, para-transit for the growing elderly and disabled populations and transportation services for lower income workers. Available programs include: ♦ Regional Transit Service. The Village intends to coordinate with ongoing studies at the County level that are investigating the possibility of regional transit opportunities, including expanded regional bus services and park-and-ride facilities. Cross Plains supports regional efforts to develop transit systems and intends to identify a site for a potential future rail station within the Village. As mass transit opportunities begin to come to fruition, the Village intends to review and update its codes and ordinances to ensure that they allow mixed use developments to occur around future facility sites. ♦ Specialized Transportation Assistance Program for Counties, which provides funding for transportation services, purchasing services from any public or private organization, subsidizing elderly and disabled passengers for their use of services or use of their own personal vehicles, Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 78 performing or funding management studies on transportation, training and the purchase of equipment. This program requires a 20% local match in funding. ♦ County Elderly and Disabled Transportation Capital Assistance program. Eligible applicants include private and non-profit organizations, local public bodies that do not have private or public transportation providers available, and local public bodies that are approved providers of transportation services for the elderly and disabled. The program covers 80% of the cost of eligible equipment. ♦ Wisconsin Employment Transportation Assistance Program (WETAP). This program supports transportation services to link low-income workers with jobs, training centers and childcare facilities. Applicants must prepare a Regional Job Access Plan that identifies the needs for assistance. 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Black Earth Creek Black Earth Creek Enchanted Valley Rd Stagecoach Rd Park St W Brewery Rd N Hill Point Rd Thinnes St Gils Way Church St Bourbon Rd Valley St Luden Dr Hillside Tr Westview Ct ElmwoodCir Round Table Way Hickory Hills St Julius St Laufenberg Blvd Scheele Rd Military Rd Center St East St Hillebrand Dr Main St Caesar St Mill St Martin St Bollenbeck St Hickory St MarvinCt Woodside Dr Esser St Allie's Ln Market St SaintFrancesSt Stone Valley Rd Scheele Rd Main St Pleasant View LnSaeman St Airport Rd Church St Thinnes St Main St ")P ")P ")P ")KP ")KP ")KP £¤14 £¤14 Ice Age Trail Conservancy DNR Swamp Lovers Conservancy St. Francis Church and School Park Elementary School Glacier Creek Middle School Baer Park Glacial Valley Conservancy ° Map 5: Transportation, Utilities, and Community Facilities Utilities & Community Facilities Transportation ") 120' ") 100' ") 100' ") 120' ") 100' ") 100' Railroads Potential Intersections ImprovementO ; Village Hall & Police Department k Library l Public Works Garage Potential Future Park Sitekj Municipal Wells Fire Departmentm EMS DepartmentG ") 100' Infiltration/Detention Parks and Open Space Existing Urban Service Area ! ! ! !! Potential Future Urban Service Area ! ! ! !! Surface Water Parcels Town Boundaries Village of Cross Plains Boundary Shaping places, shaping change V ANDEWALLE & ASSOCIATESINC. Average Daily Traffic Counts Date: July 24, 2018 Sources: Dane Co. LIO, WisDOT Vandewalle & Associates 0 0.25 0.50.125 Miles Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Location 2009 2012 2016 2018 CTH P north of Village 3,200 N/A N/A N/A CTH P (Church Street) 6,000 N/A 4,500 N/A CTH P south of Village 4,200 3,900 N/A 3,500 USH 14 and Water St 11,000 12,000 N/A 11,000 USH 14 west of Village N/A 12,300 9,600 9,800 CTH KP west of Village N/A 1,200 1,100 1,300 Conservancy Community Facilities ! ! Potential Future Trail ! ! Existing Trails Ice Age Trail Corridor ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ice Age Trail Pedestrian/Bike Bridge ú ##' Proposed Official Map Right-of-Way Widths Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Four: Transportation Adopted: December 17, 2018 80 Page intentionally left blank Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 81 Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities This chapter of the Plan contains background information, goals, objectives, policies, and recommended programs to guide the future maintenance and development of utilities and community facilities within the Village of Cross Plains. Existing Utilities and Community Facilities Conditions Sanitary Sewer System The municipal wastewater treatment system in the Village of Cross Plains was improved in 2005. The upgraded plant is designed to accommodate a projected 2025 population of 6,000. This capacity also assumes that stormwater infiltration into the sewer pipes can be reduced. The primary project to reduce this source of extra wastewater volume is replacement of the Main Street interceptor, to be completed in conjunction with eventual upgrades to Highway 14. The Village of Cross Plains also commissioned a Long Range Utility Plan for the Sanitary Sewer Collection System. This plan was completed in January of 2001 and outlines the specific needs that must be addressed for the sanitary sewer collection system, if the Village is to continue to develop in the future. This study was solely focused on the wastewater collection system, and did not address the long term needs/capacity of the wastewater treatment plant. There are two properties in the Village served by private onsite wastewater (septic) systems. These properties should connect to the public system in the future. All private onsite wastewater treatment systems must comply with Wisconsin Administrative Code COMM 83. Soil restrictions dictate where various types of systems may be used. Common systems in Wisconsin include the conventional in-ground system, also referred to as a below-grade system, the mound system, and the at-grade system. Homeowners should always have their soils of their property analyzed by certified professionals before installing or replacing any sort of private onsite wastewater treatment system. Water Supply Municipal water supply in the Village of Cross Plains is provided by a system of wells, distribution lines, and storage facilities. A study of this system (Needs Assessment for Improvements to the Municipal Water Supply System) was completed in 1994 by Town and Country Engineering, the Village’s Engineer of Record. The Village has completed several of the primary recommendations of this study. The Village is currently working to reserve adequate area in the northeast part of the Village for water storage tanks and water supply wells. An expansion of this report was completed in January of 2001 (Long Range System Planning Water System Analysis). This report was commissioned to study the best possible location of a future water tank, as well as “to determine if “zoning” the water distribution system into high and low pressure zones would result in significant increase in the possible service area”. The conclusion of this report was that, if the Village zones the water system, a larger area could be served than without creating a zoned system. UTILITIES AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Implement the Park and Open Space Plan.  Conduct a space needs and siting study for the Village Hall and Police Department.  Continue to coordinate with the Middleton-Cross Plains School District on issues of mutual concern. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 82 However, the final location of a future water tank will depend upon the type of development and level of service the Village the Village wishes to provide. Storm Water Management The Cross Plains Area Stormwater Management Plan, completed in February 1996 by Town and Country Engineering, Inc., provides a detailed analysis of 18 runoff subbasins in a portion of the east side of the Village. The plan projects changes in land use through 2015 and recommends a schedule of improvements in each subbasin immediately, by 2015, and long term. This document should be consulted as part of any plat review in the Village or within the Village’s extraterritorial jurisdiction. The Village of Cross Plains municipal code sets erosion control standards and requirements for “all land disturbing and land developing activities” within the corporate limits of the Village, and for “those land disturbing activities relating to, arising from, or connected with a subdivision as defined in section 236.02(12), Wisconsin Statutes.” Dane County also has a stormwater management ordinance, part of Chapter 14 of the Dane County Code of Ordinances. This ordinance applies to land disturbing activities in all unincorporated areas in the County. Landowners outside the Village of Cross Plains corporate limits but inside its 1.5 mile extraterritorial jurisdiction should consult with both the Village and the County to determine which regulations apply. If both apply, the more restrictive requirements will be used. Dane County’s stormwater and erosion control requirements can be found online at: http://www.co.dane.wi.us/commissions/lakes/stormwater.shtml The Village of Cross Plains is not required to apply to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) storm water permit. Solid Waste Disposal/Recycling Facilities The Village contracts Town and Country Sanitation to provide solid waste disposal and recycling services. The contract for these services expires at the end of 2020. Post Office The Cross Plains Post Office is located at 2012 Park St. Fire Protection /Rescue/Emergency Medical Services The Village shares fire, rescue and EMS equipment, facilities and services with the Town of Berry and Town of Cross Plains. The EMS, located at 2027 Park Street, also serves the Town of Springfield. The Berry- Cross Plains Fire Station facility was recently upgraded in 2007 and is located at 1501 Bourbon Road. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 83 Law Enforcement The Cross Plains Police Department presently consists of the Chief of Police and five other full time sworn police officers as well as a civilian administrative assistant. In addition, several officers are employed on a part-time basis. In the event there is no Cross Plains Police Department officer on duty, the Dane County Sheriff’s Office handles emergency calls in the Village. The office of the Cross Plains Police Department is located in the lower level of the Cross Plains Municipal Building, which is located at 2417 Brewery Rd. Health Care Facilities Health care for residents is available at the Cross Plains Clinic (2418 Brewery Road) and in the neighboring communities of Black Earth and Middleton. Physicians in these areas are affiliated with one or more hospitals in Madison. Madison hospitals serving Cross Plains and the surrounding areas include Meriter Hospital, St. Mary’s Hospital, U.W. Hospital and Clinics and Veterans Health Care Primary Care Center. Library The Rosemary Garfoot Public Library is located at 2107 Julius St., and is a member of the South Central Library System. The library offers public computers, tutoring, book discussions, outreach services, and poetry writing contests. The Rosemary Garfoot Public Library is the first LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified public library in the state of Wisconsin. Numerous elements in construction, design and sustainable practices factor into qualification for LEED. Among the myriad materials used in the facility are insulation made from recycled blue jeans, wheatboard cabinetry, recycled paper composite surface on the circulation desk, areas of cork flooring, and recycled tire pedimats. Features attributing to energy savings and conscientious use of natural resources include: harnessing daylight; eco-flush toilets; photo- voltaic sinks; radiant floor heat; rain gardens; and recycled wood from trees removed from the site. By virtue of building a “green” library, the Rosemary Garfoot Public Library is guaranteed, at minimum, a 30 percent reduction in utility costs when compared to a similar size (16,500 sq. ft.) and functioning facility. Schools The Middleton-Cross Plains Area School District consists of six elementary schools, two middle schools and two high schools. Five of the schools: Elm Lawn Elementary, Northside Elementary, Sauk Trail Elementary, Kromrey Middle School and Middleton High School are located in the City of Middleton. Sunset Ridge Elementary School and West Middleton are located in the Town of Middleton. Park Elementary School and Glacier Creek Middle School are located in Cross Plains. Students in the Elm Lawn, Northside and Sauk Trail boundaries attend Kromrey Middle School. Students in the Sunset Ridge, Park and West Middleton boundaries attend Glacier Creek Middle School. All students attend Middleton High School or Clark Street Community School. Bussing is available for those students living 1.1 miles or more from the school. The grade configuration for the schools is Elementary K-5, Middle 6-8 and High School 9-12. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 84 Figure 17: Middleton-Cross Plains School District Source: http://www.mcpasd.k12.wi.us/parents.maps.dist.cfm Child Care Facilities There are several licensed childcare facilities in the Village. Residents in need of childcare services also use informal networks of friends and family, or facilities near workplaces in the Madison area. Parks and Recreation Facilities Source: http://www.mcpasd.k12.wi.us/parents.maps.dist.cfm The Village updated its Parks and Open Space Master Plan in December 2018. The Plan lists a series of objectives and policies which should be utilized when making decisions about parks and open space improvements. The Village currently contains 24 park and open space areas, totaling just over 280 total acres and 97 acres of unconstrained land. This includes 106 acres of active-use public parks and school grounds and 176 acres of passive-use natural areas. Parks and facilities are listed in Figure 18 below by open space classification. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 85 Figure 18: Village of Cross Plains Existing Parkland 2018 Park Name Total Acreage Unconstrained Acreage ADA Accessible Bathrooms Benches Shelter/Indoor Space Picnic Tables Water Fountain Scenic Overlook Trails Mountain Biking Play Equipment Ball Fields Basketball Courts Open Play/Play Fields Swimming Pool Tennis Courts Volleyball Courts Mini Parks Cedar Glen Park 0.57 0.44 x x x x x x Glacier's Edge Park 0.38 0.38 x Neighborhood Parks Brewery Creekside Park 4.49 0.00 x x x x Gausewitz Park 0.48 0.48 x x x x Glacial Valley Park 3.42 0.00 x x x x x x x Holfelder Park 1.00 0.00 x x x x x x Melody Acres Park 0.83 0.83 x x x x Westview Park 1.07 0.00 x x x x x Community Parks Baer Park 28.83 13.45 x x x x x x x x x x x x Municipal Park 1.06 1.06 x x x x x x x x x Raspberry Park 9.60 0.01 x x x x x x x H.M. Zander Park 9.43 0.01 x x x x Special Facilities DNR Conservation Area 17.40 17.40 Cross Plains School District Properties Glacier Creek Middle School 13.98 6.46 x x x x x x Park School 15.41 0.43 x x x x x x x Nature Areas Cedar Glen Conservancy 32.94 0.00 x x x Cedar Hill Park Conservancy 25.14 2.29 x x x Dorothy Statz Park 2.75 0.00 x x x H.I. Hillebrand Glacial Valley Conservancy 37.58 0.00 x x Hickory Hill Conservancy 52.06 35.45 x x Swanson Conservancy 4.00 1.92 x Westview Scenic Overlook 4.35 0.00 x x x Private Recreation Facilities American Legion Park 2.25 2.25 x x x x x St. Francis Church & School 13.84 13.84 x x x x Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 86 Power Plants and Transmission Lines There is a 69 Kilovolt transmission line running through the south end of the Village and a substation at the intersection of CTH P and Stagecoach Rd. Plans are under way to upgrade electric transmission lines in western Dane County. Electricity and Natural Gas Electricity and natural gas are supplied to the Village through Madison Gas & Electric. Telephone and Television Services The Village of Cross Plains does not have any ordinances in place that govern the location of cell towers. There are no cell towers in the Village at this time. Telecommunications are provided to the Village through TDS. Cable service is provided through Charter Communications. Cemeteries There are two cemeteries in Cross Plains, Valley Home Cemetery on Brewery Road and Saint Francis Xavier cemetery behind St. Frances Xavier Catholic Church on Thinnes Street. Churches There are two churches in Cross Plains, Saint Martin’s Lutheran Church at 2427 Church Street and Saint Frances Xavier Catholic Church at 2947 Thinnes Street. Utilities and Community Facilities Goals, Objectives, and Policies Goals: 1. Parks and Recreation Goal: To provide quality recreation and open space lands and facilities to all residents of Cross Plains. 2. Community Service Goals: To provide high quality, cost-effective services to the Village and its residents. Objectives: 1. Acquire an adequate amount of land to meet the recreational needs of the Village. 2. Provide safe and reliable facilities at Village parks as dictated by park use and type. 3. Ensure that new Village park lands (neighborhood, community, and conservancy areas) are accessible to Village residents, whenever possible. 4. Ensure that all neighborhoods in the Village have easy pedestrian access to a neighborhood park facility. 5. Coordinate park development, use of recreational facilities, and recreational program efforts between the Village, local schools, and private institutions. 6. Identify open space lands that are important to the overall quality of life in the community and take measures to assure their conservation. 7. Promote awareness of the impact of Village’s park, open space, recreation system on the quality of life in the Village. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 87 8. Develop a system of pedestrian and bicycle routes that link Village and surrounding recreation areas. 9. Ensure that basic public services such as adequate police and fire protection, street services, solid waste disposal, recycling, sanitary sewer services, and education are made available to all residents. 10. Coordinate community development projects in Cross Plains with plans and projects of other services or facility providers. Policies: 1. Utilize all available resources to further enhance the quality of the Village’s park system by working with local residents and organizations and town, county, state and federal agencies and organizations. 2. Ensure that new subdivisions and development projects provide adequate land dedications and/or fees in lieu of land dedications to accommodate needs for park, open space and recreation created by the development. 3. Implement the recommendations of the Park and Open Space Plan and update this Plan regularly. 4. All new neighborhoods must be connected to the Village bicycle and pedestrian system, when practical. 5. Plan for future utility expansions, as needed, to address water pressure and sewer flow issues that may arise from topography issues, which may include provision of private water services. 6. Extend sewer and water services to land within the current and future designated Urban Service Area which are contiguous to existing served areas, and phase such service extensions in a manner that is consistent with the growth policies found in this Plan for the goals, objectives, and policies for each land use type. Village services shall not be extended outside of the corporate limits. 7. Encourage full utilization of the existing capacity of services (such as public water, sanitary sewer, and power lines), prior to approving major expansions to any utility system. 8. Implement the Stormwater Management Plan for the urban service area with emphasis on utilizing the natural drainage system indicated on Map 2: Agricultural, Open Space, and Environmental Corridors to the greatest possible extent. 9. Consider the development of a storm water utility to manage stormwater facilities. 10. Consider the entire basin when designing storm water facilities for individual developments. 11. Require a division of land within the designated urban service area to be served by public sewer and water prior to development, and to assure that such division of land be laid out in a manner that would provide for the efficient construction of sewer, water and streets consistent with the goals, objectives, and policies of each land use type. 12. Ensure the proper ongoing maintenance of existing on-site wastewater treatment systems in the Village, and require all future development in the Village to connect to public sanitary sewer service. 13. Avoid the extension of various utilities and services to areas of steep slopes which are more costly to serve due to the need for specialized engineering consultation, equipment, construction techniques, and/or maintenance practices. 14. Consider undergoing a detailed space needs and siting study for Village Hall and the police department. 15. Implement the recommendations of the Village of Cross Plains Parks and Open Space Plan. 16. Maintain exemplary levels of municipal services including local fire and ambulance services, police, and library. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 88 17. Work with the School District to locate a future high school within the Village limits. 18. Meet with other surrounding jurisdictions (School District, Towns, County) on an annual basis, or prior to committing to new facilities or services, to identify any areas where services, equipment, or facilities could be shared or provided jointly. 19. On an annual basis, create and update a Capital Improvements Plan (CIP) to aid in the budgeting of funds. 20. Plan for a zoned water system to address water pressure and fire flow issues for future service along CTH P, north of the Village, should the Village develop that direction, where future development areas may be served by one pressure zone above the historic Village public water system. 21. Make revisions to other ordinances and codes as necessary to implement the recommendations in this Plan, including City building codes, mechanical codes, housing codes, and sanitary codes. 22. Continue to rely on the private sector for various community services such as cemeteries, health care, child care, and telecommunication facilities. 23. Continue to contract with private waste disposal companies to provide reliable solid waste disposal and recycling services. Utilities and Community Facilities Programs and Recommendations This section builds from the policies identified above, and suggests particular actions, positions, and programs that the Village may undertake over the next 20 years. Conduct a Municipal Space Needs Study At the time of writing, it was determined that the Village Hall and police facilities are beyond capacity. While a preliminary study was conducted, the Village intends to develop a more detailed space needs and siting study. As a result of this study, the Village will ensure that various departments and facilities have sufficient capacity to meet future service demands of the community, keeping multiple community objectives in mind, including cost-effectiveness. Additionally, this needs assessment should also make recommendations as to potential locations for a future Village campus. The Village completed a Civic Campus Master Plan in 2016 which yielded conceptual designs of future Village facilities located on the east side of Baer Park. The concept plans included administrative offices, the police department, and community center in addition to recreational facilities like an expanded municipal pool, ball fields, community plaza including a pavilion and a playground, and sledding hill. This conceptual plan was not officially adopted but could be revisited following the space needs study. The Village Hall is currently located near the heart of Cross Plains and it is in the Village’s best interest to site a new facility in the Main Street area. A future site should have sufficient land for the building, on-site parking, public and service entrances, and future expansion. This new facility creates an opportunity for increased energy-efficiency and environmental sustainability. The Village may consider construction of a LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified building, similar to the Rosemary Garfoot Public Library. LEED is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of high performance “green” buildings. LEED promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing performance in five key areas of human and environmental health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 89 Park and Open Space Improvements The 2018 Parks and Open Space Master Plan provides a comprehensive evaluation and recommendations to address the interest in park space, and should be referred to as the guide for future park system recommendations. Over the next 20 years, to maintain its current park standards, the Village will likely acquire and/or develop new parkland and make improvements to several existing parks. Still, each Park and Open Space Master Plan focuses particularly on the next five-year period, while this Comprehensive Plan identifies proposed growth patterns over the next 20 years. Expected future residential growth areas are depicted on Maps 4a and 4b. With the next update of the Park and Open Space Plan in 2023, ideas regarding the park and recreational needs of future growth areas should be considered. The Village also intends to pursue the following recreation-related initiatives:  Implement the Village’s updated standards for the dedication of land and payment of impact fees for new development.  Coordinate with other organizations, such as Trout Unlimited, Natural Heritage Land Trust, Dane County, the Nature Conservancy, Ice Age Trail Alliance and others on a regular basis to pool funds to purchase additional park, recreation, and open space.  Meet with other organizations, such as WisDNR, Natural Heritage Land Trust, Dane County, Ice Age Trail Alliance, Trout Unlimited, the Nature Conservancy, Black Earth Creek Watershed Association, and others, to develop a long-term plan for the protection and enhancement of area conservancy and agricultural resources.  For areas located in the Village of Cross Plains, limit or prohibit development on open space areas that are important to the overall quality of life in the community. For areas outside of the Village of Cross Plains, utilize the Village’s extraterritorial authority to protect these lands from harmful development.  Study viable new locations and designs for the municipal pool, moving it from Municipal Park.  Construct a dog park in the Village  Review the feasibility and appropriate design for a dedicated sports complex and the expansion of playfields within the Village.  Update the trail map from the Village of Cross Plains Parks and Open Space Plan to include trail routes to newly developing areas south and west of the Village to establish future bike and pedestrian routes.  Construct the proposed Village Loop Trail to create a continuous trail around the Village.  Work with the Dane County Parks Department and neighboring towns and villages to coordinate the construction of a trail from Madison to Mazomanie, through Cross Plains.  Develop new parks as need increases. Continue Coordination with the Middleton-Cross Plains School District The health of the Village and the health of the School District are closely intertwined. A high quality school district enhances the overall quality of life for Village residents, increases positive opportunities for the area youth, and is a large factor in workforce and economic development. Several initiatives to ensure close collaboration among the School District and Village are strongly advised. Ideas and advice include the following:  To encourage awareness and ongoing communication between the Village and the School District, the Village should involve the School District in review of residential development as well as other issues of mutual concern. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Five: Utilities and Community Facilities Adopted: December 17, 2018 90  The Village will continue to collaborate on a staff/department level to assure that shared facilities and overlapping areas of concern—such as student safety—are addressed in an efficient and effective manner. As the community grows, the location of future school sites will become an important planning issue for the Village and the District. School Siting decisions will be influenced in part by the locations of new neighborhoods. The ease of access and availability of safe transportation routes should also influence siting decisions. The Village is especially interested in identifying and reserving potential sites for a future high school in Cross Plains. Generally follow the timetable in Figure 19 to create, expand, or rehabilitate community facilities or utilities. Figure 19: Timetable to Expand, Rehabilitate, or Create New Community Utilities or Facilities Utility or Facility Timeframe for Improvements Description Water Supply Ongoing Improve water storage capacity and the distribution system as necessary to serve new development. Sanitary Sewer Ongoing Extend interceptors as necessary and cost feasible to serve new development and improve service to existing development. On-Site Wastewater Treatment (Septic) Systems Ongoing Continue to work with property owners to connect to sanitary sewer when appropriate. Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Ongoing Continue to contract with a private waste disposal company for collection service. Stormwater Management Ongoing Implement the Cross Plains Area Stormwater Management Plan. Ongoing Update storm water management plan and ordinance as needed. 2020 Consider establishing a storm water utility. Police Protection, Fire Protection, and EMS Services 2018-2020 Ensure that facilities meet long term needs. Library 2018-2019 Review future facility needs Village Hall 2020-2021 Conduct a detailed space needs and siting study. Medical Facilities Ongoing Encourage improvements to existing facilities as needed. Schools Ongoing Continue to coordinate and communicate with the School District on issues of mutual concern. Parks & Recreation 2018 -2023 Implement recommendations of Park and Open Space Plan. 2023, 2028 Update Park and Open Space Plan. Telecommunication Facilities 2018-2021 Consider updating standards for telecommunication (cell phone) towers in zoning ordinance. Power Plants/Transmission Lines Ongoing Continue to work with ATC on issues related to the location or upgrade of transmission lines or power substations in the Village. Cemeteries Ongoing Private parties will add to cemeteries as needed. Child Care Ongoing Area child care facilities are projected to expand to meet needs, serving new development and employment areas. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 91 Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development The Housing and Neighborhood Development chapter establishes goals, policies, and programs to assure that there is an adequate supply of decent housing to meet present and future demand. The policies and recommendations also support the interest in achieving high-quality neighborhoods. Existing Housing Conditions Housing Age Characteristics Figure 20 compares the age of housing stock in the Village with that in surrounding communities, the County and the State. Census records indicate 22 percent of the Village’s total homes were built after the year 2000. There remains a significant number of homes built in the 1970s. Figure 20: Housing Age Comparison (Housing Units) Year Built Village of Cross Plains Town of Cross Plains Town of Berry City of Middleton City of Madison Dane County Wisconsin 2014 or later 16 1% 2 0% 3 1% 47 1% 372 0% 1,060 1% 6,516 0% 2010 to 2013 12 1% 15 2% 0 0% 402 5% 2,522 2% 5,342 2% 37,368 1% 2000 to 2009 313 20% 116 18% 86 17% 1,360 15% 17,563 16% 40,769 18% 344,300 13% 1990 to 1999 267 17% 131 20% 68 13% 1,389 16% 15,164 14% 35,969 16% 372,022 14% 1980 to 1989 189 12% 103 16% 41 8% 1,208 14% 12,451 11% 26,397 12% 263,304 10% 1970 to 1979 325 21% 80 12% 145 28% 2,257 26% 16,915 15% 37,074 17% 392,006 15% 1960 to 1969 148 9% 37 6% 28 5% 891 10% 12,812 12% 22,314 10% 259,547 10% 1950 to 1959 102 7% 40 6% 0 0% 576 7% 12,684 12% 19,842 9% 297,525 11% 1940 to 1949 34 2% 7 1% 13 3% 252 3% 5,291 5% 7,878 4% 153,101 6% 1939 or earlier 171 11% 114 18% 133 26% 471 5% 14,766 13% 26,163 12% 523,908 20% Total 1,577 645 517 8,853 110,540 222,808 2,649,597 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Housing Structural Characteristics The US Census classifies approximately 69 percent of housing in the Village of Cross Plains as single-family detached housing. Roughly 5 percent of the housing is considered single-family attached (e.g. townhomes). Almost 7 percent of the housing units are in buildings containing 5 to 9 units. Recent multi- family residential developments (constructed between 2014 and 2016) will not be reflected in these data. HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Support policies and programs that provide high- quality, affordable housing options in the community.  Consider detailed design guidelines for all new or expanded multi-family residential developments. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 92 Figure 21: Village of Cross Plains Unit Structure, 2016 Units in Structure Total Percentage 1-unit, detached 1,094 69% 1-unit, attached 77 5% 2 units 55 4% 3 or 4 units 70 4% 5 to 9 units 106 7% 10 to 19 units 123 8% 20 or more units 52 3% Total 1,577 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates The US census reports that all Village housing units have complete plumbing and kitchen facilities. Telephone service is provided to all but 1 percent of Village housing units. Most homes in the Village of Cross Plains are heated with natural gas (78 percent). Nineteen percent of Village homes utilize electric heat. The remaining 3 percent presumably use other fuels or heating systems. Housing Value Characteristics The median home value in the Village of Cross Plains is now higher than the median home value in the State and in Dane County (See Figure 22). This represents a shift since the 2008 drafting of this plan, when the Village’s mean home value was lower than the Dane County median. However, median home values remain higher in some of the surrounding communities, including the Town of Cross Plains, the Town of Berry, and the City of Middleton. The Towns of Cross Plains and Berry each have more than 60 percent of homes valued over $300,000. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 93 Figure 22: Housing Values, 2016 Home Value Total Percentage Total Percentage Total Percentage Total Percentage Total Percentage Total Percentage Total Percentage Less than $50,000 0 0% 9 2% 7 2% 54 1% 1,299 3% 3,075 3% 86,375 6% $50,000 - $99,999 23 2% 0 0% 6 1% 234 5% 1,513 3% 2,764 2% 223,636 15% $100,000 - $149,999 27 3% 9 2% 9 2% 517 11% 5,657 11% 11,248 9% 336,079 22% $150,000 - $199,999 232 22% 38 7% 22 5% 289 6% 12,997 26% 26,319 21% 319,874 21% $200,000 - $299,999 576 53% 137 25% 119 27% 1,398 29% 17,209 34% 43,495 35% 343,677 22% $300,000 - $499,999 212 20% 189 34% 179 41% 1,803 38% 9,129 18% 28,447 23% 178,229 12% $500,000 - $999,999 0 0% 150 27% 85 19% 438 9% 2,370 5% 7,994 6% 49,351 3% $1,000,000 or more 8 1% 22 4% 13 3% 47 1% 230 1% 1,163 1% 10,412 1% Median Home Valu 255,200$ 380,000$ 341,600$ 293,100$ 217,000$ 236,000$ 167,000$ Village of Cross Plains Town of Cross Plains Town of Berry City of Middleton City of Madison Dane County Wisconsin Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 94 Housing Occupancy and Tenure Characteristics The Village of Cross Plains enjoys very high residential occupancy with a vacancy rate of just 4.8 percent. Figure 23: Village of Cross Plains Housing Occupancy, 2016 Total Percentage Occupied 1,502 95.2% Vacant 75 4.8% Total 1,577 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Housing Tenure Housing tenure is a measure of how many occupied residential units are occupied by the owner (homeownership), and how many are inhabited by residents who are not the primary owner of the premises (renter). The Village of Cross Plains has a homeownership rate of 72 percent. Comparing the Village to surrounding communities, it has slightly higher rental rates than the Towns of Cross Plains and Berry, which are at just 11 and 12 percent respectively, but below the rental rate of the State of Wisconsin (33 percent). Figure 24: Village of Cross Plains Housing Tenure, 2016 Total Percentage Owner-occupied 1,078 72% Renter-occupied 424 28% Total 1,502 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Housing Changes 2000 - 2010 The Village added 228 housing units from 2000 to 2010 , increasing from 1,228 to 1,452. The a verage number of people per household remained steady of the ten-year period at approximately 2.5. Growth in communities across the county was relatively consistent between 2000 and 2010. After years of rapid growth, the Villag e expanded its number of households at a steady 17 percent. This is on par with other communities in the areas as well as Dane County as a whole. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 95 Figure 25: Total Households 2000 - 2010 2000 2010 Percent Change Village of Cross Plains 1,199 1,386 16% Town of Cross Plains 513 581 13% Town of Berry 408 472 16% City of Middleton 7,095 8,037 13% City of Madison 89,019 102,516 15% Dane County 173,484 203,750 17% Wisconsin 2,084,544 2,279,768 9% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Residential Building Permits 2012 - 2018 The Village saw three apartment building developments in the period between 2012 to 2018. This represents a shift from recent trends, however single-family homes continue to represent the majority of residential construction in the Village. Figure 26: Recent Residential Building Permits (2012– 2018) Type of Development Number of Permits 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Single-Family 4 8 5 4 5 26 6 Duplex 2 Apartment 1 1 1 Total Permits: 4 8 6 5 8 26 6 Source: Village of Cross Plains Housing Programs Several housing programs are available to Cross Plains residents, including home mortgage and improvement loans from the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA) and home repair grants for the elderly from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Housing Cost Reduction Initiative (HCRI) funds activities such as emergency rental aid, homeless prevention efforts, and related housing initiatives. Further information on these programs can be obtained by contacting WHEDA. Local programs include:  Dane County Community Development Block Grant Program  Dane County Housing Authority  Madison Area Community Land Trust  Operation Fresh Start  Project Home Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 96 Housing and Neighborhood Development Goals, Objectives, and Policies Goal: 1. To provide safe, affordable, quality housing of various types and in various locations in the Village. Objectives: 1. Encourage residential growth to occur in areas designated for residential growth in the comprehensive plan. 2. Ensure that new residential growth is contiguous with existing built-up areas within the urban service area. This reduces the costs to build and maintain Village infrastructure. 3. Ensure that new residential growth is staged with the expansion of supporting services and facilities per the goals, objectives, and policies of each land use type. 4. Discourage septic-based residential growth within mile and a half extraterritorial jurisdiction of the Village. 5. Encourage a variety of housing types in the Village, including single-family, duplex, multiple-family and condominium units. 6. Encourage a variety of housing cost options in both the rental and purchase markets. 7. Ensure that residential developments are adequately served with transit service, pedestrian , bicycle and recreational opportunities. 8. Design subdivisions, whenever feasible, to provide more than one vehicular access point and provide an appropriate internal circulation system. 9. Expand and integrate affordable housing opportunities for all persons, especially the elderly. 10. Encourage surrounding towns and villages to provide their fair share of low income and assisted housing units. 11. Maintain and enhance the quality and condition of the existing housing stock in the community. 12. Encourage the strengthening of existing neighborhoods through maintenance of existing housing stock, creative reuse of vacant or under-utilized buildings, and infill on vacant parcels. 13. Work with the Middleton-Cross Plains School District to provide joint school-park sites and programs wherever possible. 14. Encourage careful design of any multiple family residential developments that abuts established low density residential areas to minimize potential negative impacts on existing homes. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 97 Policies: 1. Implement a residential growth phasing program to ensure that housing supply is consistent with the capacity of community utilities and services, including the School District and transportation systems. 2. Work with residential developers to schedule construction of new residential units such that the annual average number of units over a five-year period does not exceed 40 new units per year. 3. Conduct an assessment of current and forecasted housing market conditions, evaluating projected demographics (including household size and income and age of householders) against the current stock. Use this information to establish housing type requirements for new housing developments in the Land Division Ordinance. 4. Promote the programs available to help Village residents repair and maintain their homes. Consider the development of a locally funded revolving loan program for the renovation of homes in the Village. 5. New residential construction within the Cross Plains Urban Service Area shall not be allowed unless it is contiguous with existing built-up areas of the Village. 6. New residential construction should be allowed only on land designated for residential use on Maps 4a and 4b: Future Land Use. 7. Encourage increased residential densities in the central business district (at least 7 dwelling units per acre) to help make transit service economically viable. 8. All non-agricultural development on lands located within the adopted Cross Plains Urban Service Area shall be served with the full array of municipal services per the goals, objectives, and policies for each land use type. 9. Unsewered subdivisions within the Cross Plains Urban Service Area shall not be permitted. 10. Land division for new residential development proposed outside the Cross Plains Urban Service Area but inside the Village’s 1.5 mile extraterritorial zoning area shall not exceed a maximum density of 1 dwelling unit per 35 acres. 11. The Village encourages neighboring towns to adopt and implement land use plans which emphasize agricultural preservation, protection of natural resources, and very low residential densities (1 dwelling unit per 35 acres) in areas outside of the Cross Plains Urban Service Area. 12. Through the use of extraterritorial authority, the Village will oppose any development in areas identified for protection on Map 2: Agricultural, Open Space, and Environmental Corridor. 13. New residential developments shall encourage pedestrian and bicycle facilities that connect to the existing Village system. These shall include sidewalks, and may also include bike paths if such paths exist or are planned for construction on adjoining property. 14. All proposed residential development shall comply with the parkland dedication and/or fee in lieu of land dedication requirements of the Village’s Municipal Code. 15. Review Village Land Division Ordinance and update to require that all new developments install pedestrian sidewalks. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 98 Housing and Neighborhood Development Programs and Recommendations Building off of some of the policies listed above, the following are programs and recommendations to promote high-quality and affordable housing and neighborhoods in Cross Plains, in established neighborhoods as well as newer neighborhoods near the Village’s fringe. Support the Provision of Affordable Housing The Village intends to continue to support policies and programs that provide high-quality, affordable housing options in the community. The following strategies will be explored:  Promote the maintenance of older neighborhoods: The existing housing stock in Cross Plains is an important component of the affordable housing supply, provided that housing is well maintained. Greater use of programs like CDBG would help fund rehabilitation grants and loans for existing housing. In addition, facilitating development proposals for senior housing also helps free up older homes for a new generation. A review of existing ordinances may also help facilitate proper maintenance and upgrading of new homes. For example, the Village intends to make sure that setback and other standards in zoning districts mapped over older sections do not unnecessarily stymie appropriate home improvements.  Support housing in the Main Street area: As part of ongoing Main Street revitalization efforts, the Village should emphasize the retention and conversion of upper story spaces into housing. The Village also supports a variety of housing types including condominiums, apartments, and townhomes for certain redevelopment sites. To sustain Black Earth Creek water quality, new development should utilize environmentally friendly stormwater practices, such as rain gardens, bio-swales, and subterranean cisterns to minimize runoff into the river.  Encourage smaller Village lot sizes: The Village intends to adopt, utilize, and encourage residential zoning districts that allow lots smaller than 9,600 square feet, provided that house plans or design standards are provided that are suited for those sized lots and promote high-quality design. Smaller lot sizes result in lower development costs, lower lot prices, and a more compact land use pattern that uses land more wisely. Lots as small as 7,000 square feet and as narrow as 50 feet are becoming increasingly common in southern Wisconsin.  Allow high-quality multiple family housing: Higher density housing that complements the character of surrounding neighborhoods can be an important component of the affordable housing stock. Multifamily housing includes both renter-occupied and owner-occupied (e.g., condos, townhouses) housing options. Too often, resistance to higher density housing is a result of people’s experience with poorly designed multi-family developments that do not reflect the character of the community, or are generally unattractive. The design standards discussed and illustrated later in this chapter are intended to address these issues. Another option is to support cooperative housing developments, which is explained in more detail below.  Support senior housing: Identify locations in the Village that are appropriate for senior housing and encourage developers to design and build senior housing in those locations. Criteria for judging appropriate locations include proximity to transit, proximity to retail establishments (especially grocery stores), and proximity to public facilities (e.g. the public library). Work with Dane County and non-profit groups to locate and offer financial incentives for construction of senior housing units.  Support programs to provide new affordable housing: Several State and federal programs exist to help provide affordable housing. Programs such as the federal tax credit program, administered Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 99 through the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Agency, can help provide high-quality housing for lower income residents. The Village should support appropriate use of such programs to increase the supply of affordable housing for people who are often not accommodated through the private market. Enact Design Standards for Multi-Family Housing Multiple family housing provides options for the elderly, younger residents, and employees for Cross Plains businesses. However, such projects often cause community opposition. In some cases, this is because such projects have been poorly and cheaply designed. The Village should include detailed design guidelines for all new or expanded multi-family residential developments in the zoning ordinance and enforce them during development review processes. The following guidelines and Figure 26 provide a foundation: ♦ Incorporate architectural design that fits the context of the surrounding neighborhood, and Cross Plains’ overall character. Encourage layouts where buildings appear as a grouping of smaller residences. Within and near Main Street, promote building materials, designs, scale, and setbacks that are compatible with the surrounding historic character. ♦ Use brick and other natural materials on building facades. Avoid monotonous facades and box-like buildings. Incorporate balconies, porches, garden walls, varied building and facade setbacks, varied roof designs, and bay windows. ♦ Orient buildings to the street with modest front yard setbacks, bringing street-oriented entries close to public sidewalks to increase pedestrian activity. Include private sidewalk connections. ♦ Locate parking, dumpsters, and other unattractive uses behind buildings. ♦ For parking lots and garages, (a) locate garage doors and parking lots so they are not the dominant visual element; (b) screen parking areas from public view; (c) break up large parking lots with landscaped islands and similar features; (d) provide direct links to building entrances by pedestrian walkways physically separated from vehicular movement areas; (e) large parking garages are undesirable, but where necessary, break up facades with foundation landscaping, varied facade setbacks, and recessed garage doors. ♦ Provide generous landscaping of sufficient size at time of planting. Emphasize landscaping (a) along all public and private street frontages; (b) along the perimeter of all paved areas and in islands in larger parking lots; (c) along all building foundations; (d) along yards separating land uses which differ in intensity, density, or character; (e) around all outdoor storage areas such as trash receptacles and recycling bins (also include screening walls in these areas); (f) around all utility structures or mechanical structures visible from public streets or less intensive land uses. ♦ Provide on-site recreational and open space areas to serve the needs of residents. Whenever possible, develop contiguous rear yards as a unit to encourage use by building residents and guests. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Six: Housing and Neighborhood Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 100 Figure 27: Desired Multiple Family Residential Project Layout Require Neighborhood Development Plans in Advance of Development The Land Use chapter includes a description of the “Planned Neighborhood” future land use category, which is intended to provide for a variety of housing choices and a mix of non-residential uses such as parks, schools, religious institutions, and small-scale shopping and service areas. These areas are mapped on Maps 4a and 4b for future development in different parts of the Village. The complexity of “Planned Neighborhood” areas suggests the preparation of detailed neighborhood development plans to further guide development of these areas. A neighborhood development plan would be prepared by a developer, a group of property owners, or the Village, in advance of the approval of individual subdivision plats within the area it covers. Neighborhood development plans specify in greater detail land use mix, density, street layouts, open space, and stormwater management than are possible within this Comprehensive Plan. They also suggest important connections between individual property ownerships and future subdivision plats. • Modest setback with landscaped front yard space Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 101 Chapter Seven: Economic Development This chapter of the Plan contains information, goals, objectives, policies and recommended programs to promote the retention and diversification of the economic base in Cross Plains. This chapter assesses the Village’s economic development strengths and weaknesses and evaluates the types of new businesses and industries that are desired for the Village. Existing Economic Development Framework Labor Force The local age distribution affects the prospects of employers seeking workers. Figure 28 shows the current age distribution for the Village of Cross Plains. Figure 28: Cross Plains Civilian Labor Force Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates 136 158 252 299 555 603 297 239 249 166 16 to 19 years 4.6% 20 to 24 years 5.3% 25 to 29 years 8.5% 30 to 34 years 10.1% 35 to 44 years 18.8%45 to 54 years 20.4% 55 to 59 years 10.1% 60 to 64 years 8.1% 65 to 74 years 8.4% 75 years and over 5.6% ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY  Continue to pursue redevelopment and infill of underutilized lands, especially in the downtown.  Support local business retention and development.  Recruit new retail and service businesses that fill unmet local needs.  Consider detailed design guidelines for all new or expanded commercial, mixed use, and industrial developments. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 102 In 2017, 380,232 people were employed in the Madison MSA providing an employment rate of 97.5 percent. Following peak unemployment in 2010 (6.4 percent), the area has steadily improved employment and 2017 experienced the lowest unemployment rate since before the recession (2.5 percent). The MSA’s unemployment rate has been consistently lower than the State rate over the last 12 years, as seen in Figure 29. Figure 29: Labor Force and Unemployment, Madison MSA, 2006 - 2017 Year Labor Force Employment Unemployment Unemployment Rate State Unemployment Rate 2006 354,960 342,538 12,422 3.5 4.7 2007 358,368 345,068 13,300 3.7 4.9 2008 361,265 347,919 13,346 3.7 4.9 2009 364,399 341,654 22,745 6.2 8.6 2010 360,366 337,394 22,972 6.4 8.6 2011 361,983 341,321 20,662 5.7 7.8 2012 363,147 344,177 18,970 5.2 7.0 2013 366,826 348,619 18,207 5.0 6.7 2014 371,404 356,820 14,584 3.9 5.4 2015 377,167 364,507 12,660 3.4 4.5 2016 385,659 374,259 11,400 3.0 4.0 2017 389,898 380,232 9,666 2.5 3.3 Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics As shown in Figure 30 most residents of the Village work in the educational, health and social services industry (26.7 percent). The retail, professional, scientific, management, administrative and waste management services and finance, insurance, real estate, and rental leasing industries are also major employment sectors. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 103 Figure 30: Employment by Industry Industry Village of Cross Plains Location Quotient Wisconsin Civilian Employed Population, 16 years and over 2,337 2,910,339 Educational Services, Health Care, & Social Assistance 26.7% 1.15 23.3% Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Rental Leasing 14.1% 2.31 6.1% Retail Trade 10.2% 0.90 11.4% Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative & Waste Management Services 9.4% 1.15 8.1% Manufacturing 8.2% 0.44 18.4% Construction 5.9% 1.10 5.3% Other Services 4.7% 1.13 4.1% Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation & Food Services 4.5% 0.52 8.7% Public administration 4.3% 1.23 3.5% Wholesale Trade 4.2% 1.59 2.7% Information 3.4% 2.08 1.6% Transportation, Warehousing, & Utilities 2.2% 0.52 4.3% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining 2.2% 0.89 2.4% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 30 provides the breakdown of the Village of Cross Plains’ labor force by industry, compared with the State of Wisconsin. This breakdown shows that the Village of Cross Plains has a higher percentage of workers than the State of Wisconsin working in the Construction sector (5.9 percent); Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, Rental, and Leasing (14.1 percent); Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, and Waste Management Services (9.4 percent); and the Public Administration sector (4.3 percent). Given the Village’s proximity to the City of Madison, where there is a greater concentration of professional jobs, these numbers are expected. While the Village has higher percentages of workers in these sectors, it falls behind the State in areas such as Manufacturing (8.2 percent) and Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities (2.2 percent). The location quotient analysis performed in Figure 29 reveals a very strong regional presence in Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, Rental, and Leasing (2.31), Wholesale Trade (1.59) and Information (3.4). It is likely that many of these workers commute outside the Village to work. LOCATION QUOTIENTS A location quotient is a ratio of the percentage of regional employment in a particular industry to a comparable percentage in the state. In theory, any location quotient greater than one indicates that the sector is more important locally than in the rest of the state. Very likely, it is a net exporter to other regions of the state and nation. Conversely, any location quotient less than one indicates that the sector is less developed locally than in the rest of the state. Very likely it is a net importer of goods or services from other regions of the state. However, in practice, statements about importing, exporting and development potential are only made for those sectors with location quotient values under .75 and over 1.25. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 104 Educational Attainment Figure 31 shows educational attainment levels for resident populations over age 25. Attainment levels are shown Dane County and the state as well. The Village shows 95 percent of the population with a high school education or higher, and 38.2 percent with a bachelor’s degree or higher. These numbers compare favorably with the state averages. Figure 31: Educational Attainment Village of Cross Plains 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Less than 9th Grade 9th to 12th Grade, No Diploma High School Graduate Some College, No Degree Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Village of Cross Plains Dane County Wisconsin Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 105 Income Data Figure 32 shows household income levels according to the 2016 American Community Survey. The data shows that 18.7 percent of Village residents earn between $50,000 and $74,999. The median income for the Village is $79,643, this compares to $64,773 for Dane County, and $54,610 for the state overall. Figures for five surrounding communities are also shown in Figure 32. As distance from the City of Madison increases, median household incomes seem to decrease. This may be due to the higher costs of land closer to the City, and the willingness of people to commute longer distances to jobs in the metro area, while also maintaining rural residential properties. Figure 32: Household Income in 2016 Village of Cross Plains Town of Cross Plains Town of Berry City of Middleton City of Madison Dane County Wisconsin Total households 1,502 619 499 8,574 105,789 213,519 2,310,246 Less than $10,000 1.7% 2.1% 3.0% 3.8% 7.6% 5.2% 5.7% $10,000 to $14,999 1.7% 0.5% 2.0% 2.4% 4.9% 3.9% 5.0% $15,000 to $24,999 4.8% 6.5% 3.2% 5.7% 9.1% 7.9% 10.4% $25,000 to $34,999 8.1% 5.0% 6.0% 10.7% 9.9% 8.9% 10.4% $35,000 to $49,999 11.0% 9.7% 7.8% 12.6% 13.4% 12.6% 14.2% $50,000 to $74,999 18.7% 11.0% 21.0% 20.1% 18.1% 18.3% 19.5% $75,000 to $99,999 23.8% 15.0% 20.8% 15.7% 12.5% 13.9% 13.6% $100,000 to $149,999 19.3% 19.5% 16.6% 12.7% 14.7% 16.6% 13.5% $150,000 to $199,999 4.2% 13.1% 10.8% 8.4% 5.3% 6.6% 4.2% $200,000 or more 6.7% 17.6% 8.6% 8.2% 4.6% 6.0% 3.6% Median household income (dollars) $79,643 $100,469 $84,479 $67,729 $56,464 $64,773 $54,610 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 106 Employment Forecast Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development’s long term 2014 – 2024 employment projections forecast the number of employees in the top 14 industry categories by region. Figure 33 provides the employment projections for the Southcentral Region which includes Dane, Sauk, Dodge, Walworth, Jefferson, and Marquette Counties. In 2014, total base employment in the region was 532,177 and is projected to increase by 7.9 percent by 2024. Growth industries for the region include information technology, with a 34.6 percent increase, likely spurred by firms in Madison and Middleton. Cross Plains has the opportunity to attract employees in this industry to reside in Cross Plains while working in Madison or elsewhere in the region. The number of self-employed is also expected to increase by nearly ten percent by 2024. With the increase of online, contract based, and remote location jobs, employees have greater freedom to live and work in the community they choose. With key improvements to infrastructure, economic development, and recreational amenities, Cross Plains can market itself in the region to attract these self-employed or home-based workers. Figure 33: Projected Employees by Industry 2014-2024 Industry Base Employment 2014 Projected Employment 2024 (2014-2024) Percent Change Total All Industries 532,177 574,104 7.9 Goods Producing 86,826 91,582 5.5 Natural Resources and Mining 13,692 14,038 2.5 Construction 18,924 21,696 14.7 Manufacturing 54,210 55,848 3.0 Self Employed Workers, All Jobs 27,128 29,701 9.5 Services Providing 418,223 452,821 8.3 Trade, Transportation, and Utilities 78,055 81,252 4.1 Information 14,696 19,786 34.6 Financial Activities 26,566 28,495 7.3 Professional and Business Services 54,617 60,826 11.4 Education and Health Services 130,684 141,557 8.3 Leisure and Hospitality 45,259 50,418 11.4 Other Services (except Government) 27,695 29,498 6.5 Government 40,651 40,989 0.8 Source: Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 107 Economic Base In 2010, the number of employees in Cross Plains decreased to 1,537 from the pre-recession figure of 1,880 in 2005. However, the annual payroll of Cross Plains firms increased by 28 percent to over $52.3 million. Figure 34 details the estimated size and industry of various employers in Cross Plains. The largest estimated employers in Cross Plains are Plastic Ingenuity, Home Security of America, and State Bank of Cross Plains. Figure 34: 2010 Local Employment Village of Cross Plains 2005 2010 Percent Change Number of Establishments 110 124 13% Number of Employees 1,880 1,537 -18% Annual Payroll $ 40,832,000 $ 52,360,000 28% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Cross Plains Market Analysis, 2017 In August 2017, Cross Plains conducted a community-led market analysis to identify and inform areas of focus for economic development. The analysis’ study area focused on the Main Street area of the Village. Community leaders and local businesses were engaged in research to compile and interpret data on the existing economy in Cross Plains and determine gaps in services and community needs. Following analysis of the present business mix, regional trade areas, market characteristics such as supply and demand, a resident survey, and comparisons to regional peers, a series of recommendations were developed. These recommendations focus on business retention and expansion, business attraction, resident and visitor experience, improving the physical environment of Main Street and commercial areas, marketing and branding for the Village, and organizing business interests for action. Many of the conclusions and recommendations from the market analysis are supported by the feedback and community priorities we heard during the public workshop and community survey during this planning process. The report’s recommendations focus on encouraging residents and visitors to support local businesses, making Main Street a destination, designing a more walkable community, and establishing an identifiable Village brand that can be used to distinguish Cross Plains in the region. Desired Business Types The Village plans to focus its economic development efforts on the redevelopment of the urban core along US 14 to attract businesses that serve the local community, reflect resident preferences, and make Main Street a destination for local commerce, dining, and entertainment. Through this Comprehensive Plan, and in particular the public participation process, the Village has established priorities for the types of businesses it would like to attract. Additionally, some components of the Plan such as land-use restrictions and water quality protections effectively disqualify some businesses. Most notably, protection of the creeks running through the Village is a high priority, and businesses that present a high risk for pollution or soil contamination are not desired. Heavy industrial businesses are also not appropriate for this area. The Village has also expressed a desire to avoid big-box retail stores, instead favoring local Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 108 businesses that add to the small-town character of the Village while providing variety, convenience, and economic opportunity to residents. The Village is also interested in attracting businesses that will help promote the nationally renowned Black Earth Creek as a valuable resource for protection and enjoyment. This could include any business that incorporates the Creek into its site design and/or its marketing plan, or serves visitors and users of the Creek, as well as residents. Specific business types that might benefit from such an association include sporting goods stores, recreational equipment rentals, bed and breakfasts, and restaurants. Economic Development Programs The Village has a number of tools, programs, and agencies available to foster economic development: Cross Plains Area Chamber of Commerce Established in 1954 and previously known as the Cross Plains Business Association, the Cross Plains Area Chamber of Commerce currently has over 110 members. The Chamber’s mission is to promote “a strong economy and high quality of life for our Chamber members and the Cross Plains area communities." To further this mission, Cross Plains Area Chamber of Commerce serves its members by sponsoring quarterly business meetings and an annual business meeting/dinner as well as self-promotion of the Chamber and its members. In addition, the Association works closely with the Village Board of Cross Plains to improve government relations. To provide quality of life for the Cross Plains community, the Cross Plains Chamber of Commerce has been involved in many community projects, including:  Conducting a market analysis for the Cross Plains area to facilitate economic development in the Village  Hosting signature events, including the Memorial Day Chicken BBQ, annual golf outing and Santa’s Visit  Hosting networking events for members  Supporting local events through community involvement  Utilizing multiple channels to communicate, inform, and educate members and the community on relevant issues Tax Increment Financing In 1975, the Wisconsin Legislature enacted the Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) program. The main reason the Legislature established the program was to give cities and villages within the State a financial mechanism to help fund public works and economic development projects, which without the program would probably not occur. The Village of Cross Plains has one active TIF district in place, TID #3. This TIF is projected to be paid off in August of 2035. Dane County University of Wisconsin - Extension The Community, Natural Resource and Economic Development (CNRED) Agents design and deliver educational programs and technical assistance to local/civic organizations, community leaders, businesses, and local government officials. CNRED Agents work to increase the ability of communities, organizations and citizens to identify needs and resolve critical issues. They work to:  Improve local economic and employment conditions Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 109  Balance economic growth with environmental quality  Strengthen local government  Protect water and other natural resources for future generations  Manage, reduce and recycle wastes  Develop local leadership capacity Community Development Investment Grant Program The WEDC’s Community Development Investment Grant Program (CDI) supports redevelopment efforts in urban and small communities through financial incentives for projects that are ready for construction and emphasize downtown, community-driven efforts to improve economic and business development, leading to increases in job opportunities, property values and leveraged investment by local and private partners. Eligible activities under this program that could benefit Cross Plains, include building renovation, historic preservation, new construction, project or site planning. Recipients of grant awards must provide a match. Small Business Administration’s Certified Development Company (504) Loan Program The U.S. Small Business Administration’s Certified Development Company (504) Loan Program provides growing businesses with long-term, fixed-rate financing for major fixed assets, such as land and buildings. 504 loans can be used to fund land purchases and improvements, grading, street improvements, utilities, parking lots and landscaping, construction of new facilities, or modernizing, renovating or converting existing facilities. A Certified Development Company (CDC) is a nonprofit corporation set up to contribute to the economic development of its community. Strengths and Weaknesses for Economic Development Strengths  Proximity to Madison  High traffic through the Village on US 14  Cold water creeks are a distinguishing feature  A high quality of life and moderate cost of living make Cross Plains attractive to new residents and employers  There is a growing high-tech & biotech sector in the region. This high-tech / biotech industry could bolster the region’s growth on all fronts. There are implications for population growth, economic growth, land use, development pressure, transportation pressures, and all of the associated services that are required by a growing population. Weaknesses  Home values are growing faster than incomes. This may be forcing some residents to move out of the area, as they can no longer afford to pay for their homes. As these residents are forced to leave the region, this could impact the work force of the area, as well as the ability to attract and retain young people. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 110  The number of farms and the acres of farmland are declining. This decline has been driven by a decline in the agricultural economy and intense development pressures.  There is a need to revitalize the Main Street area of the Village.  Land available for a business park development and other desired community facilities is constrained due to topography and environmental protection restrictions. Commercial Sites Main Street / Other Retail Areas USH 14 becomes Main Street between Market Street and Westview Court. This corridor contains many of the commercial entities within in the Village and acts essentially as the downtown. There are a few historic building facades located along Main Street, but the area is largely disconnected and contains residential uses mixed in with commercial. Main Street presents vast potential for redevelopment and the creation of a vibrant economic district. Specific commercial opportunities in Cross Plains include: • 2012 Main Street • 1840 Main Street Industrial and Business Areas The Village of Cross Plains’ primary industrial area is located along the west end of Bourbon Street and Market Street. There is not a great deal of room for expansion in the Bourbon Street site, given topography and proximity to the Black Earth Creek. The Village is focused on the attraction and recruitment of local, community-serving businesses, rather than industrial businesses or large employers that would likely require competition with surrounding communities. Environmentally Contaminated Sites Brownfields are sites where some type of environmental contamination has been documented. This could be a leaking underground gasoline tank or the remnants of an industrial operation. Brownfields present unique challenges in that they are frequently underutilized or vacant properties that need to be cleaned up before they can be redeveloped as productive, tax producing parcels. WisDNR identifies and tracks brownfield sites statewide. WisDNR lists 45 sites with documented contamination as of June 2018. These 5 sites further defined by Activity Types Lust, ERP, or SPILLS.  LUST : A Leaking Underground Storage Tank that has contaminated soil and/or groundwater with petroleum. Some LUST cleanups are reviewed by WisDNR and some are reviewed by the Dept. of Commerce. WisDNR identified 12 of the 45 brownfield sites in Cross Plains as LUST.  ERP: Environmental Repair Program sites are sites other than LUSTs that have contaminated soil and/or groundwater. Often, these are old historic releases to the environment. WisDNR identified 4 of the 45 brownfield sites in Cross Plains as ERP.  SPILLS: A discharge of a hazardous substance that may adversely impact, or threaten to adversely impact public health, welfare or the environment. Spills are usually cleaned up quickly. WisDNR identified 23 of the 45 brownfield sites in Cross Plains as SPILLS. Village of Cross Plains Comprehensive Plan Chapter Seven: Economic Development Adopted: December 17, 2018 111 For more information regarding brownfield site locations in the Village of Cross Plains can be found on the WisDNR’s Bureau for Remediation and Redevelopment Tracking System (BRRTS) website: https://dnr.wi.gov/botw/SetUpBasicSearchForm.do . Economic Development Goals, Objectives and Policies Goals: 1. Diversify and strengthen Cross Plains’ local economy to achieve a balanced mixture of non-residential enterprises in the community. 2. Expand non-residential development to create local jobs and increase local income levels. Objectives: 1. Retain and expand existing commercial establishments and industries in the Village of Cross Plains. 2. Encourage a pattern of commercial growth where complimentary businesses and services can be clustered together for more attractive and convenient use. 3. Improve the visual quality of existing commercial and industrial establishments in Cross Plains to improve the “image” of the Village. 4. Establish a high quality business corridor along USH 14. 5. Diversify the mixture of commercial uses along USH 14 to better meet unmet market niches. 6. Improve pedestrian linkages to provide increased interaction and continuity between commercial businesses. 7. Encourage industrial uses that offer opportunities for increasing local employment opportunities for present residents. 8. Recruit new industries to the Village by aggressively marketing Cross Plains’ unique attributes. 9. Restructure the local economic base so that it better fits the realities of the rapidly changing world economy. Policies: 1. Prevent strip commercial development along major thoroughfares that serve the Village by encouraging cluster development in pre-designated commercial areas. 2. Reflect community’s desire for compact commercial development by limiting the size of commercial structures; direct commercial development to existing downtown areas whenever possible. 3. Protect the economic viability of existing business districts in the Village of Cross Plains by carefully zoning undeveloped or redeveloping areas in the Village. 4. Thoughtfully utilize all potential financing tools such as tax increment financing, business improvement districts, low interest façade rehabilitation loan programs through local financial institutions, corporate donations, local foundations, CDBG, and DOD programs to revitalize the Village’s central business district and rehabilitate blighted areas. 5. Support the identification and preservation of the historic and cultural character of existing commercial buildings whenever