Wisconsin Point Committee Agenda - May 12, 2026

WISCONSIN POINT COMMITTEE Agenda Tuesday, May 12, 2026 – 4:30 p.m. Government Center, Room 204 Virtual Meeting Link: Click here to join the Microsoft Teams Meeting Meeting ID: 221 851 860 993 65 Password: 6dZ3de92 Call in Option: +1 (872) 242-8028 Phone Conference ID: 100 031 445# MISSION STATEMENT: “Implementing of the Wisconsin Point Area Management Plan directives, policy development and monitoring.” COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Tom Bridge, Council Seat (open), Nick Danz, Thomas Howes, Deanna Erickson, Cherie Hagen, Matthew Steiger (alt), Lee Sandok Baker, Rebecca Scherf (alt) 1. ROLL CALL 2. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 2.1. Wisconsin Point Committee (Meeting held February 24, 2026) 3. NEW BUSINESS 3.1 Wisconsin Point Cultural Connection Project Update 3.2 44th Ave E. Superior Public Access Project Update 4. OLD BUSINESS 4.1. Update on the Fire Management Plan 4.2. Update on Schafers Beach 4.3. Update on Visitor Use Assessment 4.4. Update Wisconsin Point Management Plan 5. RECURRING BUSINESS 5.1. Committee Member/Partner Updates 5.2. Future Agenda Items 5.3. Confirm the next meeting date as August 11, 2026, at 4:30 p.m. in Room 204 of the Government Center. 6. ADJOURNMENT Notice is hereby given that a majority of the members of the Common Council may be present at the meeting, and although this may constitute a quorum of the Common Council, the Council will not take any action at this meeting. ********************************************************************************************* Pursuant to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, if you are in need of an accommodation to participate in the public meeting process, please call (715) 395-7200 by 4:30 p.m. on the day prior to the scheduled meeting date (OR dial 711 for Telecommunications Relay Service). The City will attempt to accommodate any request depending on the amount of notice received. ********************************************************************************************* In compliance with Wisconsin Open Meetings Law, this agenda was posted on 5/7/2026 at the following locations: Superior Government Center, Superior Public Library, and online at https://www.ci.superior.wi.us/agendacenter. It was also emailed the Superior Telegram. WISCONSIN POINT COMMITTEE – 2/24/26 Meeting (Meets as needed/quarterly.) *Attended the meeting virtually Page 1 of 3 WISCONSIN POINT COMMITTEE Minutes Tuesday, February 24, 2026 Regular Meeting The meeting was called to order by Chair Bridge at 4:30 p.m. on February 24, 2026, in Government Center Room 270 & virtually via Microsoft Teams. 1. ROLL CALL Members Present: Tom Bridge, Ruth Ludwig, Lee Sandok Baker, Kirsten Rhude, Matt Steiger, Deanna Erickson, Tom Howes* City Staff Present: Bridgit Maruska, Kara Czapinski, Camron Vollbrecht Others Present: 2. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 2.1 Wisconsin Point Committee (Meeting held November 18, 2025) MOTION by Ludwig second by Sandok Baker and carried to approve the Wisconsin Point Committee Minutes from November 18, 2025. 3. NEW BUSINESS 4. OLD BUSINESS 4.1. Update on Schafers Beach. Director Maruska clarified that the original design proposed by Superintendent Ryan Wintlend was more intricate than the final version that would be constructed. This design included features such as switchbacks, accessible landing areas, and rim wrap, although it was noted that the trail would not be entirely ADA-compliant. However, it would still be suitable for strollers and wheelchairs to a certain degree. Maruska mentioned that the project has a budget of $5,000 allocated for materials, with the city covering all associated staff costs. The construction will aim to utilize materials sourced from the site whenever feasible, while also considering the area's clay soil, which may impact the project. 4.2. Update on Visitor Use Assessment. Director Maruska announced the closure of the visitor use survey, with Legacy Works Group currently compiling the data for a presentation to city staff and key project partners scheduled for March 16th. A public version of the presentation will be released following the initial staff meeting, and a poster presentation will be showcased at the Saint Louis River Summit on March 5th at UWS. Committee members discussed the possibility of providing links to the original report and presentation for interested group members, confirming that the March 16th meeting will be recorded for future access. WISCONSIN POINT COMMITTEE – 2/24/26 Meeting (Meets as needed/quarterly.) *Attended the meeting virtually Page 2 of 3 4.3. Discuss funding and timeline for the Wisconsin Point Management Plan. Deanna Erickson reported that proposals have been submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Great Lakes Fund for fire management planning, with collaboration from the Fire Department, The Nature Conservancy, and other partners. The grant aims to develop a comprehensive fire management plan that will include the identification of burn rates, rotations, and areas that would benefit from fire, as well as organizing resource-sharing meetings among regional stakeholders. Site visits to pine plantations highlighted the necessity for tree thinning due to insufficient understory growth, and the grant funds are intended to cover these thinning costs, as timber sales are unlikely to yield significant revenue. Fire Chief Vollbrecht noted that the grant is set to commence in fall 2026, with forest management planning and thinning activities scheduled for the subsequent winter, and the possibility of prescribed burns in the spring and fall of 2027. The fire management plan (if funded) will be included in the future management plan and will help reduce the cost of a plan as it is a section completed. Funding for a full management plan is yet to be determined. 4.4. Update on the Fire Management Plan. Deanna Erickson announced that the cultural fire exhibit has been set up at Lake Superior Reserve, with an open house and panel discussion scheduled for March 27th. She outlined plans to engage the community in exploring fire history and management, which will include training opportunities and public involvement related to the exhibit and its associated activities. 4.5. Discuss 2026 Projects. Matt Steiger reported that the consultant AMI is nearing the completion of data collection and is currently engaged in modeling for the Wisconsin Resiliency Study. However, the project timeline has been extended due to delays caused by the Army Corps. Additionally, a series of public events titled 'River Revival' will commence on April 16th and will be held monthly at the Library and Wisconsin Point, with a significant session on May 21st dedicated to the resiliency study. This May event will showcase preliminary findings and invite public feedback prior to finalizing alternatives, with a follow-up event scheduled for July 16th to discuss potential options. 1. RECURRING BUSINESS 5.1 Committee Member/Partner Updates 5.1.1 Bridgit Maruska – Director of Parks, Recreation, & Forestry • The city has engaged the St. Louis River Alliance for outreach efforts related to the 44th Avenue East Dock, with activities set to commence in June. Additionally, interviews for selecting an architectural firm have already taken place, and a contract is anticipated to be finalized by early April. WISCONSIN POINT COMMITTEE – 2/24/26 Meeting (Meets as needed/quarterly.) *Attended the meeting virtually Page 3 of 3 • An EPA grant has been awarded for the development of interpretive signage and trail spaces, with $100,000 designated for planning and design. 5.1.2 Deanna Erickson – Director of Lake Superior Reserve • The St. Louis River Summit will be held from March 3rd to March 5th at the UWS. 5.2 Future Agenda Items 5.2.1 Update on Fire Management Plan 5.2.2 Update on Schafers Beach 5.2.3 Update on Visitor Use Assessment 5.2.4 Update on 44th Avenue East Dock 5.2.5 Update on Cultural Connections 5.2.6 Discuss funding and timeline for Wisconsin Point Management Plan 5.2.7 Discuss 2026 Projects 5.3 Confirm the next meeting date as May 12, 2026, at 4:30 p.m. in Room 204 of the Government Center. 6 ADJOURNMENT Chair Bridge announced the meeting adjourned at 5:22 p.m. Respectfully submitted by Kara Czapinski Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment APRIL 2026 Photo credit: Randen Petersen Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Methods ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Findings ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Respondents’ profile ............................................................................................................................... 4 Visitation ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Visitation patterns and peak times ................................................................................................... 9 Primary activities and site usage ................................................................................................... 12 Observed changes ......................................................................................................................... 16 Respondents’ Relationship to Wisconsin Point .................................................................................... 18 Overall relationship to Wisconsin Point .......................................................................................... 18 American Indian or Alaskan Native Relationship ........................................................................... 20 Respondents’ Priorities and Values ...................................................................................................... 22 Wisconsin Point as a natural sanctuary ......................................................................................... 23 Negative sentiments ...................................................................................................................... 23 Key Barriers .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Main barriers reported .................................................................................................................... 25 Additional Barriers .......................................................................................................................... 26 Impact of barriers ........................................................................................................................... 26 The Community’s Vision: ...................................................................................................................... 28 The Future of Wisconsin Point ....................................................................................................... 29 Events and Programing ................................................................................................................. 29 Resiliency of Wisconsin Point ........................................................................................................ 30 Planning Implications and Recommendations ...................................................................................... 31 Ecological Management Considerations ........................................................................................ 31 Forest Health and Fire Management ................................................................................ 31 Invasive Species and Native Flora .................................................................................... 32 Wetland and Water Quality ............................................................................................... 32 Wildlife and Habitat Protection .......................................................................................... 32 Dune Preservation and Dark Skies ................................................................................... 32 Infrastructure & Maintenance Insights ........................................................................................... 33 Safety, Security, & Social Conduct Insights ................................................................................... 33 Indigenous Co-Stewardship & Cultural Interpretation .................................................................... 33 Managing the "Wildness" vs. "Commercialization" Divide ............................................................. 34 Results Influencing Climate Resiliency Alternatives ...................................................................... 34 Appendix 1: Core Project Design and Review Team ............................................................................. 36 Appendix 2 - Sample Survey .................................................................................................................... 37 Appendix 3 - Canvassing Dates and Intercepts ..................................................................................... 45 Appendix 4 - Signage and Flyers ............................................................................................................ 46 Appendix 5 - Raw Survey Data ................................................................................................................ 47 Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 2 Introduction The City of Superior, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and the National Estuarine Research Reserve commissioned the Visitor Use Assessment (VUA) of Wisconsin Point. The VUA, funded by the US EPA’s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, provides data on visitor use, relationships, values, and perceived resource changes to inform the Wisconsin Point Resiliency Study. This findings report was prepared by LegacyWorks Group, the University of Wisconsin Superior’s Center for Research and Evaluation Services (CRES), and OPS Strategies. Methods Wisconsin Point Visitor Data was gathered via two pathways: transportation data and an online digital survey. Transportation data was sourced from StreetLight for the period of January 2019 to April 2025. This data includes traffic counts and trip lengths, generated from cell phone data on Wisconsin Point Road. In 2022, federal privacy regulations changed the way cell phone traffic data was collected. We used a four-month overlap of the old and new methods (January–April 2022) to adjust post-2022 estimates, ensuring consistency with historical visitation trends. A digital survey tool was collaboratively developed and refined with the City of Superior Parks and Forestry, the St. Louis Estuary National Estuarine Research Reserve, and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to collect the data necessary for the Wisconsin Point Resiliency Study. CRES was hired after the survey design to implement distribution and participate in data analysis and reporting. The survey tool (Appendix 1) was designed to gather data to inform the Wisconsin Point Resilience Study including: ● Demographics ● Visitor activities ● Frequency of visits ● Average length of visit ● Visitor origin ● Perceptions on coastal resiliency and threats that impact cultural resources, habitat value and infrastructure Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 3 Survey access was provided via QR codes on signage at all beach parking lots, the lighthouse and boat launch; and on flyers distributed in person at Wisconsin Point, at select Wisconsin Point and City of Superior events, as well as at several locations in Superior, including the Superior Public Library, the Superior YMCA, Big Apple Bagel, Empire Coffee, Sportsmans Choice, and Bait Box. Detail on canvassing dates, times, number of intercepts is found in Appendix 3. The survey was also shared through social media, partner e-newsletters, and the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa's e-newsletter. A $100 gift card drawing was offered as an incentive. The survey received a total of 485 responses between January 5 and December 31, 2025. Responses are not disaggregated based on type of outreach (e.g. interception vs social media vs signage). Findings The survey had 485 responses, which falls within the 95% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error for the estimated total number of visits per year (~64,000) based on the traffic data. The survey was designed to use non-probability sampling methods. Consequently, the findings cannot be guaranteed to reflect the opinions of the broader community. Thus the results should be interpreted as indicative rather than generalizable. Raw data can be accessed via Appendix 3. Respondents’ profile The following section compares the demographics of respondents with that of Douglas County. This in order to examine how representative respondents' profiles are in comparison to the population in the area. Of the 471 individuals who provided a valid zip code, 64% (301) are Douglas County residents. Ninety eight (21%) zip codes appeared only once, as only one respondent provided each. Based on the comparison with Douglas County residents, we find that certain populations are overrepresented in the survey. While we are unable to determine whether this Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 4 overrepresentation is a reflection of higher rates of visitation or higher rates of survey completion, the section below does provide some discussion of the likelihood of each option among the different demographics. Key Takeaways ✓ Most respondents are local residents ✓ 35–44 year-olds responded at a higher rate than other age groups ✓ Respondents with higher education are overrepresented relative the the County population ✓ Native Americans are overrepresented relative to County population ✓ Two-thirds of respondents are female Although survey design may contribute to the overrepresentation of certain populations, the high response count suggests greater visitation among these demographics. Residency : The majority of respondents are permanent, local residents, with 84.4% indicating that they live within 50 miles of Wisconsin Point. Of the remaining respondents, 11.2% are not a resident and 4.4% are seasonal residents. Analysis of the zip code data indicates that 63% (301) are residents of Douglas County, and 13% (61) respondents are residents of Duluth, MN. With the exception of the City of Cloquet (8 respondents), the rest of the zip codes represent 1-2 respondents. More than 8 of 10 respondents are local Residency by zip code Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 5 Zip Code City/Town % of Responses 54880 Superior, WI 58% multiple Duluth, MN 13% 54874 South Range, WI 3% Age: More than a quarter of all survey respondents are between ages 35-44, the largest age group that responded to the survey. The other age bands between the ages 25-35 and 45-75+ years old each represent between 14.8%-17.5% of survey respondents. A comparison between survey respondents and the population of Douglas County shows all age groups between 25-74 years old are overrepresented in the survey in comparison to these population categories in Douglas County. This finding may be explained by the fact that younger adults are a demographic with lower rates of survey completion. At the same time, the higher rate of respondents between the ages 35-44 is statistically significant and may indicate a higher rate of visitors that belong to this age group. Although there was no minimum age to participate in the survey, youth were not specifically targeted for recruitment for this study, which is reflected in low response rates from groups under 18. Ages of survey respondents in comparison to Douglas County population* * Note that the age categories used by the VUA and the US Census Bureau differ for ages 0-24 Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 6 Visitor Use Assessment (VUA) US Census Bureau (2020) Age (yrs)* VUA Total Respondents VUA % Age (yrs)* Douglas County Residents Douglas County % 0 – 11 0 0 0 – 9 4,193 10% 12 – 17 1 0.2% 10 – 19 5,428 12% 18 – 24 21 4.4% 20 – 24 2,604 6% 25 – 34 84 17.5% 25 – 34 5,441 12% 35 – 44 122 25.5% 35 – 44 5,627 13% 45 – 54 71 14.8% 45 – 54 5,304 12% 55 – 64 84 17.5% 55 – 64 6,737 15% 65 – 74 79 16.5% 65 – 74 5,564 13% 75+ 16 3.3% 75+ 3,299 7% 478 100% 44,197 100% Education level : Survey respondents, in general, are more educated than the general public in Douglas County, WI. Seventy two percent (72%) (344) of respondents (344) have some level of higher education, and of those, 23% of respondents (110 individuals) have an advanced degree. This rate of response by individuals with an advanced degree is higher than the percentage of this population in the county. In Douglas County, 42% have some level of higher education, of which only 8% have an advanced degree. Survey respondents are more educated than the population of Douglas County Education Level VUA Respondents Douglas County Some Higher Ed 72% 42% Advanced Degree 23% 8% This overrepresentation among survey respondents corresponds with findings about the positive correlation between higher education levels and survey completion. That is, individuals with higher levels of education complete surveys at a higher rate than a similar population with lower education levels. Therefore, this overrepresentation may or may not indicate that individuals with higher levels of education visit Wisconsin Point at a higher rate than individuals with lower levels of education. At the same time, the large overrepresentation of individuals with advanced degrees - 23% among survey respondents vs. 8% in Douglas County - and the existence of numerous higher education institutions in the area may indicate that individuals with advanced degrees do visit Wisconsin Point at a higher rate than the general population. Race/Ethnicity : Ninety one percent (91%) of survey respondents identify as white, while 6.6% of respondents identify as either American Indian or Alaskan Native or as both American Indian or Alaskan Native and white. When comparing these percentages with the racial and ethnic makeup of Douglas County residents, American Indians appear overrepresented in the survey in comparison to their percentage in the county (6.6% vs 2% who identify as American Indian and 3.2% who identify as mixed in Douglas County). Based Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 7 on the fact that survey completion rates among this population tend to be lower than that of the general population, together with limited survey promotion among this demographic specifically, it is fair to conclude that American Indians not only have a higher survey response rate, but also a higher rate of visiting Wisconsin Point. American Indians are overrepresented relative to County population Race/Ethnicity % Survey Respondents Douglas County Demographics* American Indian 6.6% 2% African-American 0.6% 1.3% Asian 1.7% 1% Pacific Islander 0.2% 0.1% Mixed N/A 3.2% White 91% 92.4% * Based on the 2020 US Census. Some other Counties (ex. Carlton, MN) in the area have a higher percentage of some of these populations. Gender: Sixty six percent (66%) (313) of survey respondents identify as female, while 32% (151) identify as male. Despite this over- representation of females in comparison to the Douglas County population, this data does not necessarily indicate that females are two-thirds of the visitors to Wisconsin Point. In survey research, females are commonly overrepresented in the sample population responding to the survey. Two-thirds of respondents are female Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 8 Visitation Key Takeaways ✓ Visitation has stabilized at approximately 175 trips per day since 2022 ✓ The busy season is May-October, peaking during summer weekends ✓ July is busiest month with approximately 4X daily visitors than in January ✓ Hiking/walking, beachcombing, and picnicking are the top three activities ✓ The lighthouse and the beach from Lot 1 are the most-visited locations ✓ Bear Creek Trail, the pavilion, and Allouez Bay are the least familiar ✓ Respondents note improvements such as restoration of bird habitats and new boardwalks, and degradation such as trail erosion, sand-covered boardwalks, and safety. Visitation patterns and peak times Annual Visitation Volume : Since 2022, Wisconsin Point Road has seen an estimated 175 trips per day. The trip volume was higher in 2020 and 2021, likely in response to COVID-related restrictions on indoor recreation, and lower in 2019, but has been steady since 2022. Annual average daily northbound trips on Wisconsin Point Road 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Average Daily Trips on Wisconsin Point Rd. 144 220 286 181 157 186 176 Traffic data source: StreetLight Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 9 Visit Distribution by Month: Visitation is not evenly distributed throughout the year. Cell phone data and survey responses both indicate that visitation is greatest in July. Visitation by month Since 2022, there have been about 4 times as many visitors to Wisconsin Point in July as in January. COVID-period increases in visitation were driven by spring and summer increases. Average daily trips by month and year Traffic data source: StreetLight Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 10 Average daily traffic exceeds the number of parking spaces on Wisconsin Point (175) from May through October. The number of parking spaces is not an absolute daily capacity limit because multiple visitors can arrive in a single vehicle, and parking spaces can turn over to accommodate multiple trips in a day. However, it is a useful reference point for understanding when Wisconsin Point is busy relative to its capacity, identifying May through October as the busy season. The overwhelming majority of survey respondents spend between 1 and 2 hours during their visit, creating ample opportunity for parking space turnover and increased capacity. Visit Distribution by Day of the Week: Visitation is highest on weekends, especially in July. On weekends, the busy season (with more average daily trips than parking spaces) extends one month earlier, to include April. On weekdays, the busy season contracts from June through September. Average daily trips by day of the week (2022 & 2024) Traffic data source: StreetLight Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 11 Visit Distribution by Time of Day: Arrivals to Wisconsin Point begin to increase at 9:00 AM and peak at 3:00 PM. They decline sharply at 8:00 PM. However, it is notable that limited traffic remains on Wisconsin Point Road between 1:00 AM and 5:00 AM. Looking at all of the visitation data together, weekend afternoons in the summer are the busiest time on Wisconsin Point. Average northbound trips by hour of the day (2022 & 2024) Traffic data source: StreetLight Primary activities and site usage In this section we use data from various survey questions to analyze what people do when they visit Wisconsin Point. This section introduces data about the places people visit, the activities with which they are most and least familiar with, as well as those they engage in most and least frequently. Where relevant, the analysis maps the results based on demographic categories or other characteristics that are relevant to the findings. Places Visited: The survey asked respondents to identify the locations they are familiar with, and whether they have visited them recently or not at all. When asked about places visited at the Point, the following locations received the highest number of responses: Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 12 The Lighthouse and the beach from parking lot 1 are the most visited locations Place Visited recently Visited, not recently Total No. and % of Respondents Lighthouse 78 244 66% (322) Beach via lot 1 91 180 56% (271) Beach via lot 5 76 185 54% (261) Beach via lot 3 54 199 52% (253) Beach via lot 2 48 199 51% (247) Beach via lot 4 60 187 51% (247) Familiarity and recent visitation by location The locations with the highest number of respondents who are not familiar include: ● The pavilion on Bear Creek trail: 87 respondents. ● Bear Creek trail: 83 respondents. ● Allouez Bay: 64 respondents. How much time do they spend: The vast majority of respondents (94%) spend more than an hour visiting the Point. The greatest number of respondents (33%) indicate that they spend 1-2 hours during their most recent visit, while 22% spend more than 2 hours. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 13 Time respondents spend at Wisconsin Point Participation in activities: When asked about different activities, respondents identify the following activities as the ones they engage with the most (either recently or not): Respondents’ top 5 activities at Wisconsin Point Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 14 Activity Done recently (last 12 months) Done previously (but not recently) Total Hiking and Walking 256 105 74% (361) Beach combing 192 127 66% (319) Pickining 145 164 64% (309) Ship-watching 167 128 61% (295) Wildlife viewing 174 113 59% (287) All activities respondents engaged in at Wisconsin Point In addition to the 18 activities that the survey asked about, some individuals also mention additional activities, including stargazing, photography, meditation, and bonfire. However, each of these activities was mentioned only by a few people. Further, a high proportion of respondents visit the Point to participate in multiple activities during their visits. When examining the type of activities that different demographic groups engage with, some differences arise: ● Respondents who identify as American Indian or Alaskan Native have a higher level of engagement with the Point’s historic and cultural sites. ● Younger adults (18-34) use the Point primarily for social interaction, citing bonfires, swimming, and gathering with friends as their most frequent activities. ● Males often mention engaging in fishing and waterfowl hunting, both in the closed- and open-ended questions. ● Females mention engaging in beach combing and picnicking at a higher rate than males. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 15 Interest in activities: When given a list of activities that individuals engage in at Wisconsin Point, respondents identify the activities that they are familiar with, and interested in trying. This category is important, as it highlights avenues for further engagement with the public, who are already visiting Wisconsin Point but are looking for additional ways to spend time at the place. Activities respondents are familiar with and interested in doing The top 5 activities identified as "familiar, interested in doing" include: ● Snowshoeing: 129 respondents. ● Paddling: 126 respondents. ● Birding: 108 respondents. ● Skiing: 107 respondents. ● Ice-skating: 100 respondents. Frequency of visits : Approximately 46% of respondents visit the Point 1-5 times a year, while 36% of respondents visit the Point between 10-25 times a year. Seventeen percent (17%) of respondents indicate more than 26 visits per year, with 5% indicating very high or near-daily visits, with some estimating 100, 150, 200, or even over 1200 visits. Observed changes Respondents were asked about perceived changes in the quality of experience and resource availability at Wisconsin Point. The chart below quantifies the decline and Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 16 improvement responses. With the exception of two activities - hunting and fishing - more respondents report improvement with experiences and resources on Wisconsin Point rather than decline. Changes witnessed in the quality or availability of experience or resource DECLINE | IMPROVEMENT In addition, more than 21% (+100) respondents share information about the changes they have witnessed at Wisconsin Point. These comments are focused around 4 main themes: 1. Ecological Management : A significant portion of respondents focus on the health of the landscape. ● Prescribed Burns: Respondents discuss the importance of reintroducing fire to the landscape to improve foraging, habitats, and "the spirit of the place." ● Restoration Success: Respondents note that the restoration of bird habitats (like those for piping plovers) and the reduction of plant trampling due to boardwalks have been highly successful. ● Native American Respect: Respondents emphasize that future plans must protect Native burial grounds and involve the "Ojibwe people”. 2. Infrastructure and Maintenance : While new additions are loved, there is a "maintenance debt" noticed by respondents. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 17 ● Bear Creek Trail: Multiple respondents mention that this trail is deteriorating, citing erosion, holes, and "drop-offs" from sinking rocks at bridge crossings. It is becoming difficult for older respondents and cyclists. ● Boardwalks: While praised for accessibility, respondents note that they often become covered in sand, making them impassable for wheelchairs or coolers. ● Suggested Amenities: Strong demand exists for bathrooms at every lot, better signage (tall posts) to help beach-goers find their cars from the water, and better maintained bike lanes. 3. Safety, Security, and Conduct : A sense of unease is present in the feedback regarding the "social climate" of the Point. Respondents mention crime and vandalism, problematic dog etiquette, and litter and pollution. 4. The "Wildness" vs. "Commercialization" Conflict : There is a philosophical divide in the community, found in many parts of the survey. While some fear the Point might become similar to "Park Point" in Duluth, losing its wildness and simplicity, others want Wisconsin Point to feel more like a State Park, with better facilities, security cameras, and even structured courses on foraging or nature. Respondents’ Relationship to Wisconsin Point Key Takeaways ✓ Respondents have a deep, multi-generational attachment to the Point ✓ The site’s ecological and geological significance is central to its identity ✓ Native American respondents, particularly those identifying as "Ojibwe" or Anishinaabe, express ancestral, cultural, and spiritual connections ✓ There is broad community support for protecting "Ojibwe" burial grounds ✓ Tension exists between those who value the site’s wild, unmanaged character and those who want improved facilities and programming Overall relationship to Wisconsin Point The majority of respondents have been visiting Wisconsin Point for more than 10 years, indicating a long term relationship with the place. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 18 Years since first visit to Wisconsin Point Overall, respondents express their appreciation of Wisconsin Point and its value to themselves, their families, their community, and the ecological system. Of the 485 survey respondents, 99% (482) describe why and in what ways the place is important to them. The following quote is one of many that expresses the strength of this connection: "Wisconsin point [sic] is memories, past, present and future. It's a place for individuals and families to decompress, gather, and connect with what makes Superior superior. It's beauty. It's nature. It's ours. It's waves, storms, sun, sand and driftwood. It's grounding. It's humbling. It is powerful. It's a one of a kind destination and it's OURS" Among the themes respondents mention most often are Wisconsin Point's natural attributes, recreational potential, and its role in personal and family life: ● Appreciation of Natural Beauty and Wildness : respondents emphasize the Point's appeal as a beautiful, natural, and undeveloped space. Respondents also value the ability to access Lake Superior and appreciate its lack of commercialization compared to nearby areas. ● Recreational Activities: Survey respondents appreciate the wide variety of activities that are available when visiting the Point, including swimming, walking/hiking, and general beach use. This aspect is also reflected in the list of activities that many of the respondents engage with when they visit Wisconsin Point. Many respondents engage in multiple activities. ● Family and Memory: For many respondents, the Point is a crucial location for creating and holding family memories. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 19 ● Support for Improvements: Respondents identify recent infrastructure additions as important, including improved parking areas, restrooms, and boardwalks, which enhance access and cleanliness. ● Conservation Ethos: Respondents express concern that the Point is kept clean and its fragile environment is protected, wanting it to remain natural. Survey respondents identify a number of distinctive and important aspects of Wisconsin Point that draw respondents to the area. These factors are: ● Ecological and geological rarity : Respondents value that Wisconsin Point is the largest freshwater sand spit system in the world. Further, it is a critical stopover for migratory birds (endangered piping plover), and it hosts rare flora (native orchids). ● Cultural and historical heritage : Respondents mention that Wisconsin Point is the ancestral land of the “Ojibwe people” and the location houses burial grounds and historic village sites. They also value the lighthouse as a timeless maritime symbol. ● The remoteness and wilderness within city limits : Respondents appreciate the Point as the “quiet side” of Lake Superior. ● Versatile recreational activities : Respondents appreciate the various recreational activities, including beachcombing, stargazing, photographing the northern lights, beach bonfires, and water sports. ● Spiritual and emotional connection: Wisconsin Point is a sacred space for healing and reflection. Further, some state that it is a memory bank for their families who have visited for generations. American Indian or Alaskan Native Relationship Overall, many respondents express strong connections to Wisconsin Point. At the same time, respondents who identify as either American Indian or Alaskan Native (18 individuals or 3.8%), or as both American Indian or Alaskan Native and white (13 individuals or 2.8%), emphasize somewhat different themes in their answers when compared with non-Native American respondents. Although the Census category included American Indian or Alaska Native, it may be appropriate to assume most who identified as such are Ojibwe based on the location of the study area. Due to the small number of respondents who identify as American Indian or Alaskan Native, it is not possible to identify any statistical difference between the populations. In this section we use the terms “American Indian or Alaskan Native” and “Native American” interchangeably as the former is what was used in the survey as it correlates to U.S. Census data. At times the terms “Ojibwe”, “Chippewa” and “Anishinaabe” are used when respondents used those terms in their responses. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 20 Native American respondents place an emphasis on cultural, ancestral, and spiritual ties. The following quote summarizes this sentiment: "Not only is it important to me as an Ojibwe as my historic lands, I feel a great connection to the lake. She is my best friend. I am emotionally and spiritually entwined with the lake, and Wisconsin Point is one of the ideal places to connect with that." - Native American Respondent Native American respondents frequently describe their connection to Wisconsin Point using cultural and spiritual language: ● Ancestral and Cultural Significance: Respondents describe the Point explicitly as historic and sacred lands, representing "home" and the place where ancestors lived. The respondents identifying as “Ojibwe” report an emotional and spiritual connection to the lake and the burial grounds and engage in culturally important activities. They emphasize that education and signage are important and should include the factual, unvarnished story of the area's history and the trauma inflicted upon Native people. ● Importance of the Burial Grounds: The burial grounds are both historically important and are also active, deeply personal sites of ongoing mourning and lived history. Respondents raise concerns regarding the desecration of spiritual grounds and the need to protect the burial grounds. Non-Native American respondents also discuss the importance of protecting the burial grounds, calling for preservation as well as education and signage about the historical sites. ● Desire for Land Acknowledgement and Governance : Respondents discuss the desire for land to be returned to “Native people”, to ensure they are part of any decision-making, and to interpret the site’s history and cultural significance accurately. ● Cultural Activities and Resource Management: Respondents mention Native American-related activities, such as visiting the ancestral/burial grounds, gathering/foraging, wanting to use fire to restore the landscape, and integrating “Ojibwe” traditional ecological knowledge into conservation and stewardship. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 21 Respondents’ Priorities and Values Throughout the survey, respondents discuss the activities, places, and features they value at Wisconsin Point. The following section summarizes qualitative and quantitative responses that discuss respondents' priorities and expectations. Key Takeaways ✓ Cleanliness and site protection are the top priorities among respondents ✓ Water access and personal safety also rank highly ✓ Many respondents oppose commercial development, residential construction, and any reduction of free public access ✓ There is a clear community mandate to protect natural ecosystems and cultural heritage sites ✓ Resilience to extreme weather is the lowest-ranked priority Respondent priorities at Wisconsin Point Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 22 Wisconsin Point as a natural sanctuary Respondents express a desire to protect Wisconsin Point as a primitive, undeveloped, and natural sanctuary that remains free from commercial or residential expansion. Specifically, respondents discuss four general categories of protections. This includes protection of: ● Natural landscapes and ecosystems: ○ Maintenance of dune and shoreline integrity. ○ Protection of wildlife and rare habitats (particularly for migratory birds, like the endangered piping plover). ○ Protection of native flora (i.e. native orchids and dune thistles) while also managing invasive species. ○ Maintaining the cleanliness and clarity of Lake Superior’s water. ● Cultural and historical heritage: ○ Native American sacred sites (“Anishinaabe”/”Ojibwe” burial grounds). ○ Wisconsin Point lighthouse. ● The “unspoiled” experience: ○ Protection against the commercialization of the Point (concerns for Wisconsin Point becoming “Duluthafied” or turned into a tourist trap). ○ Opposition to hotels, stores, or residential housing. ○ Protecting the solitude and quiet of the Point, including a preference to keep the 11pm curfew to prevent parties, etc. ○ Maintaining free public access. ● Cleanliness and maintenance: ○ Ensure litter and pollution control, specifically the enforcement of anti-litter laws and the use of more community beach clean-ups. ○ Aesthetic preservation, including no new streetlights added to roads or parking lots to allow for stargazing. Negative sentiments In the survey, respondents express several negative sentiments regarding Wisconsin Point. The main themes that respondents mention are: concerns over litter, safety, the loss of solitude due to infrastructure changes, and various forms of environmental degradation. These themes represent the main priorities for respondents in preserving the community’s ability to enjoy Wisconsin Point. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 23 ● Loss of Solitude and Overcrowding : Long-term visitors lament the loss of solitude due to increased traffic, consolidated parking, and curfews that prohibit nighttime activities (stargazing/camping), causing them to avoid crowded periods. ● Litter, Pollution, and Maintenance Issues : Respondents mention issues regarding cleanliness and environmental disrespect. There is a concern over litter being left behind, a problem cited among both long-term and recent respondents. This includes dog waste, fires left unattended, and water contamination. Respondents complain about structural maintenance, including the deterioration of the roads, especially to remote areas like Schaefer’s beach, and challenges with the covering of boardwalks in sand or having maintenance problems (holes, erosion, or drop-offs). ● Safety and Crime : Safety apprehensions discourage visitation, particularly at night. Respondents express fear of car break-ins, theft, and vandalism in the parking lots. Some respondents are concerned about the potential dangers associated with waterfowl hunting, citing hunters leaving behind debris and blinds. ● Accessibility and Physical Barriers : While many celebrate the new boardwalks, accessibility remains a challenge in several key areas, including the pathway to the lighthouse, which often requires navigating large rocks, making it inaccessible or difficult for the elderly, disabled, or those with balance issues. Respondents consider biking or walking to the Point as unsafe due to the lack of dedicated, paved bike paths and speeding vehicles on the main road. ● Environmental and Development Concerns : Some respondents, including American Indian community members, express negative sentiments about the desecration of spiritual grounds and ancestral resting places due to past development and continuing disturbances. Key Barriers Respondents were asked if they have any physical conditions that make it difficult to access or participate in Wisconsin Point activities or services. Those who responded "yes" were then asked if they had impairments with mobility (difficulty in accessing facilities, beach, trails, services, or programs even with a walking aid and/or wheelchair) , visual (difficulty in seeing signs, even with prescribed glasses or due to blindness ) or other (write-in). This section discusses responses to that question, as well as other barriers that are mentioned throughout the survey. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 24 Key Takeaways ✓ The most commonly reported barrier is mobility; 11% of all respondents face physical access challenges ✓ Safety concerns discourage visitation, particularly at night for solo and female respondents ✓ Logistical and transportation barriers limit access for those residing outside Douglas County ✓ Infrastructure limitations such as shortages of parking and restrooms, curfews, and locked gates reduce the quality and length of visits Main barriers reported The survey asked about three types of barriers. 1. Mobility barriers : Includes the lack of handicap-accessible boardwalks, wheelchair mats for the beach, or the absence of steady walking paths. 2. Visual impairment barriers : Includes difficulties in seeing signage or the absence of tactile markers, both of which limit participation at Wisconsin Point. 3. Other barriers : Added by respondents, and includes mobility barriers of other family members, and age- or endurance-related barriers. Overall, respondents identify certain barriers as making their visits to Wisconsin Point more challenging. While some groups - especially American Indian individuals - report physical barriers at a higher rate, the difference is not statistically significant. Physical and accessibility barriers faced by individuals visiting Wisconsin Point Mobility Barriers Visual Barriers Other Barriers Total Barriers Total Respondents Total 11% (53) 5% (24) 2% (12) 17% (81) 485 Native American Respondents 16% (5) 16% (5) 3% (1) 32% (10) 31 Non-Native American Respondents 11% (48) 4% (19) 2% (10) 16% (70) 439 Female Respondents 11% (35) 4% (11) 2% (7) 15% (47) 313 Male Respondents 11% (16) 7% (10) 3% (5) 21% (31) 151 Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 25 The most commonly reported barrier is mobility, a finding that may be influenced by the fact that the survey asked specifically about this barrier while other barriers were collected through short answers. Overall, 15% of female respondents and 21% of male respondents reported physical access barriers, including mobility or visual impairment limitations. Notably, among those reporting barriers, females reported mobility limitations at a higher rate (74%) compared to males (51%), while males reported visual impairment barriers more frequently (32% for males vs. 23% for females) Additional Barriers Survey respondents identify additional barriers that keep them from going to the Point. These barriers include logistical and temporal barriers, safety and social concerns, and environmental or infrastructure barriers. ● Logistical and temporal barriers : This includes both time and financial constraints that limit travel to the Point, particularly for those living outside of Douglas County. The lack of a personal vehicle or bicycle and the absence of public transportation to the Point, prevents some from visiting. In addition, busy work schedules and other general responsibilities and obligations limit the amount of free time for visits. ● Safety concerns : Respondents identify concerns with crime and vandalism, including car break-ins and other types of theft, and vehicle damage in the Point’s parking lots. Further, respondents describe factors that make the area feel unsafe, including drug use, homeless encampments, or ‘partying.’ These factors are particularly concerning at night or when visiting Wisconsin Point alone. Some female respondents express discomfort visiting alone due to a lack of city/police presence. ● Environmental and infrastructure barriers : This includes environmental factors such as extreme weather conditions in the winter as well as poison ivy and biting flies in the summer. Infrastructure barriers limit visits to Wisconsin Point, including a shortage of restrooms, shaded areas on hot days, or safe boat/kayak launch sites. Finally, restrictions like the 11 PM curfew, the locking of gates near the breakwall, and the reduction of informal road-side parking have removed the sense of privacy and solitude some respondents previously enjoyed. Impact of barriers Based on the qualitative survey responses, barriers that respondents experience impact their ability to access certain sites or participate in specific activities. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 26 The most frequently cited involve mobility challenges, visual impairments, and safety concerns. Mobility and Physical Access Barriers : The most significant barrier reported by respondents is the difficulty of navigating the natural terrain, particularly for those with physical conditions or who are aging. These barriers introduce the following impacts: ● Beach and Sand Access: Many respondents with mobility issues, including those using wheelchairs, walkers, or canes, find it nearly impossible to move across the sand. Some respondents also mention a gap between the end of the walkways and the sand that is difficult to traverse. ● Lighthouse Access: Reaching the historic lighthouse is a major challenge. The path requires "hopping across" large, uneven rocks, which is prohibitive for older family members and those with balance issues. Respondents express a strong desire for a safe, accessible walkway to the lighthouse. ● Hiking and Trails: Trail conditions, such as erosion, holes, and drop-offs after bridges, make hiking difficult for "fragile" or older respondents. Some respondents report that they can no longer hike long distances due to balance problems or chronic pain. ● Facility Limitations: A lack of universally accessible trails and insufficient seating or benches along trails and the beach prevents longer stays for those with limited endurance. Other barriers: ● Signage : Some respondents report specific difficulties related to vision and sensory processing, including reading signage and navigation. ● Transportation and Distance : For many, the lack of public transit means a car is mandatory. Others are hindered by the long drive time, gas costs, and the logistics of balancing a busy work schedule. Impact on activities : When analyzing the qualitative data, some respondents list specific activities they would like to do but currently find unattainable: ● Biking : A few respondents (17) feel the main road is too dangerous for cycling due to fast-moving vehicles and distracted drivers; they desire a dedicated, paved bike path. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 27 ● Winter Recreation : There is a need for groomed cross-country ski trails parallel to the lake (5 respondents). ● Water Access : Some kayakers find the lack of an easy-access launch site on the lake side difficult, as dragging a kayak through the sand is physically taxing for a single person (9 respondents). ● Camping : Multiple respondents (7 respondents) express a desire for permitted overnight camping or a designated small camping section, which is currently disallowed. An additional 7 respondents fondly remember when sleeping under the stars was permitted at Wisconsin Point. ● Education and Foraging : Some respondents (8 respondents) suggested a need for more structured opportunities, such as guided tours on Indigenous history, plant identification, and sustainable foraging The Community’s Vision: When asking about the future of Wisconsin Point, respondents highlight both an interest in the programming and events at the point, while simultaneously raising their concern for the potential over-commercialization of the point. This combined need leads respondents to show a preference for events and programming that are environmentally low-impact and community-focused. Key Takeaways ✓ There is overwhelming consensus for Wisconsin Point’s preservation; respondents want the site to remain primitive and undeveloped ✓ Habitat and ecosystem restoration are widely supported ✓ Cultural and Native American heritage should be central to the site’s future ✓ Community-focused, low-impact programming is strongly favored over large commercial events ✓ Targeted physical improvements are acceptable and desired, provided they preserve the site’s natural character Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 28 The Future of Wisconsin Point The qualitative responses regarding the 10-year outlook for Wisconsin Point reveal a strong consensus favoring preservation and minimal development, with targeted improvements for accessibility, cultural interpretation, and habitat restoration. ● A Strong Preference for Preservation : The most dominant sentiment among respondents is that Wisconsin Point should remain "as is," "primitive," or "undeveloped". Many respondents explicitly state they do not want it to become a "tourist trap" or to mirror more developed areas like Park Point in Duluth. ● Environmental and Habitat Restoration : Many respondents envision a healthier ecosystem defined by native plant restoration, erosion control, and invasive species management. ● Cultural and Historical Focus : A significant number of respondents want the future of the point to center on its Native American and maritime history. This includes lighthouse restoration, cultural center, and Native American representation, such as adding more interpretive signage and historical information about the Ojibwe people (Fond du Lac band), the burial grounds, and the original village. ● Physical Improvements and Accessibility : While preferring a natural state, many respondents identify specific infrastructure needs, including enhanced accessibility, safe trails and lanes, improved water access, and amenities. Events and Programing Survey respondents identify a number of potential programs and events that could be held at Wisconsin Point. These ideas for activities at the Point have been organized into four general categories, including (1) cultural celebrations; (2) environmental and scientific programming; (3) community and recreational events; (4) active recreation. 1. Cultural celebrations : Includes events that highlight the historical and contemporary importance of Wisconsin Point by local Native American populations. ○ Cultural events that celebrate "Ojibwe" heritage ○ Storytelling events ○ Historical reenactment walks (i.e. living history events) 2. Environmental and scientific programming : Based on the unique freshwater barrier beach ecosystem of Wisconsin Point. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 29 ○ Guided tours that emphasize the environmental importance of Wisconsin Point and Allouez Bay. ○ Workshops based on, for example, foraging and traditional ecological knowledge. ○ Citizen-science opportunities, including long-term ecological monitoring projects. 3. Community and recreational events : Includes events in which Wisconsin Point serves as a community gathering place. ○ More frequent volunteer community beach clean-ups. ○ Night-time exploration, including stargazing sessions and moonlit hikes. ○ Wellness and arts events, including yoga retreats, outdoor sketching sessions and outdoor concerts on the Point. 4. Active recreation : ○ Increased opportunities for water-based activities, including free paddling lessons, kayak rentals, and nighttime kayak bioluminescence tours, for example. ○ Other examples include fishing contests and ‘volksmarches’ (organized fitness walks). Resiliency of Wisconsin Point Respondents express concerns regarding the Point’s vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather events. These concerns are categorized by those concerning Wisconsin Point’s infrastructure and environment, ecological and habitat shifts, coastal erosion and water level fluctuations, and extreme weather impacts. ● Infrastructure and the environment ○ Resilience to extreme weather is critical to ensure new infrastructure (i.e. the boardwalks and parking lots) is not destroyed by extreme weather. ○ Observers note waves or storm surges nearly washing over the point, thus there are concerns for the long-term stability of the peninsula. ○ There is concern for mature pine trees which are at risk of blowing over during storms. Further, some raised the question whether new trees are planted to replace destroyed trees. ● Ecological and habitat shifts ○ There is a concern for vegetation shifts, and in particular, the spread of invasive species due to climate change. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 30 ○ Some respondents note that climate change may also affect growth patterns and habitats of local fish species. ○ Respondents are concerned that environmental changes could negatively affect the marsh on the Allouez side of the point. ● Coastal erosion and water level fluctuations ○ Rising water levels or shoreline retreat has caused significant erosion of the beach at Wisconsin Point. ○ Further, there is concern regarding dune migration and erosion. ● Extreme weather impacts ○ Some respondents express concern that weather shifts could negatively affect waterfowl hunting grounds and worsen shoreline erosion. Planning Implications and Recommendations The survey data reveals that Wisconsin Point respondents deeply value the area as a primitive, undeveloped natural sanctuary, yet they also highly appreciate recent infrastructure improvements. Managing the Point requires balancing the desire for "wildness" against the challenges of increasing visitor traffic. The following sections include some high level management implications and considerations to inform the Wisconsin Point Resiliency Study. Ecological Management Considerations Forest Health and Fire Management ● Prescribed Burns : Respondents strongly advocate for the reintroduction of prescribed burns (cultural fire practices) to manage the forests and dunes, restore native plants, and heal the landscape. ● Pine Plantation Thinning: There is a call to thin the aging, monoculture red pine plantations (particularly near Lot 5) to improve biodiversity, let sunlight in, and draw more aquatic and plant life. ● Succession Planning and Disease : Succession planning is needed for mature pines that are vulnerable to being blown over in extreme weather, and ecological management must address the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) threat in the area's ash trees Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 31 Invasive Species and Native Flora ● Targeting Invasives : Active management of invasive species is a major priority. respondents specifically point out the need to remove spotted knapweed, baby's breath, bouncing bet, Russian thistle, and tansy. ● Protecting Rare Plants : Respondents emphasize the need to protect rare native flora, such as the native rattlesnake plantain orchids, which are vulnerable to visitors foraging or wandering off-trail. Wetland and Water Quality ● Allouez Bay Wetlands : Managing the Allouez Bay wetlands includes controlling invasives and actively working to re-establish native wild rice. The bay's shallow waters and marshes must also be protected, as they serve as crucial spawning grounds for ancient and rare species like lake sturgeon and white perch ● Water Contamination : There are concerns about water quality, with respondents noticing increased algae build-up, storm runoff contamination, and occasional E. coli outbreaks, prompting suggestions for more frequent water quality testing and public updates Wildlife and Habitat Protection ● Bird Conservation : Protecting the endangered Piping Plover nesting areas and migratory bird stopovers remains a critical ecological focus. ● Hunting Conflicts: Some respondents note that waterfowl hunting on the point causes ecological and social friction, as hunters leave behind blinds and shotgun shells in the bay, disrupting the cherished birding habitats and the natural environment. ● Wildlife Feeding : Respondents request signage actively discouraging the feeding of wildlife, particularly to control seagull populations. Dune Preservation and Dark Skies ● Nature-Based Dune Stabilization : To combat coastal erosion and stabilize the dunes, respondents recommend planting native beach grasses and willow, while strictly avoiding hard shoreline armoring (like sea walls) so the sandbar can naturally react to weather patterns. ● Light Pollution: Maintaining the area's "dark skies" by avoiding the installation of streetlights in parking lots or along the road is considered an important Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 32 management consideration. This preserves the natural environment for nocturnal wildlife and allows visitors to view meteor showers and the Northern Lights. Infrastructure & Maintenance Insights ● Implication: While the new parking lots, restrooms, and boardwalks are widely praised for protecting the dunes and improving accessibility, there is a growing "maintenance debt". Respondents report that boardwalks frequently become covered in sand (making them impassable for wheelchairs) and the Bear Creek Trail is deteriorating with erosion, holes, and bridge drop-offs. ● Recommendation: Establish a dedicated, routine maintenance schedule for clearing sand from boardwalks and repairing trail erosion. Additionally, explore creating a safe, accessible pathway to the Lighthouse, as many respondents, especially the elderly or those with mobility issues, find navigating the large rocks prohibitive Safety, Security, & Social Conduct Insights ● Implication: Safety and cleanliness are top priorities for respondents, but many report negative social conditions that discourage visitation, particularly at night. Common issues include car break-ins, vandalism, drug use/needles, off-leash dogs, and excessive litter during the busy summer months. ● Recommendation: Increase the frequency of trash and recycling collection during the peak months of May through October, particularly on weekends. Consider implementing security cameras at parking lots or increasing community police patrols to deter vehicle break-ins and vandalism. Enforce leash laws to improve visitor comfort, or alternatively, explore designating a specific, fenced off-leash dog area away from primary beaches Indigenous Co-Stewardship & Cultural Interpretation ● Implication: The Point has deep ancestral, cultural, and spiritual significance for the “Ojibwe” or “Anishinaabe” people, specifically regarding the burial grounds and historic village sites. Both Native American and non-Native American respondents support protecting these areas and sharing their history. ● Recommendation: Formalize a co-management or advisory partnership with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa to ensure they are part of decision-making. Develop high-quality, respectful interpretive signage and Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 33 educational programming that centers on Indigenous history, traditional knowledge, and the geological formation of the Point Managing the "Wildness" vs. "Commercialization" Divide ● Implication: Respondents overwhelmingly oppose commercial development such as hotels, stores, or residential housing, expressing fear that the Point could become "Duluthafied" or turned into a crowded tourist trap. ● Recommendation: Strictly limit future development to low-impact, nature-based infrastructure. Instead of commercial events, promote community-focused programming such as volunteer beach clean-ups, guided eco-tours, stargazing, and paddling lessons. Results Influencing Climate Resiliency Alternatives Interestingly, the survey data indicates that "resilience to extreme weather events" ranked as the lowest priority among respondents in the quantitative ranking of values. However, the qualitative comments reveal that respondents are actually highly observant of, and deeply concerned about, the physical impacts of a changing climate on the Point. This suggests that while respondents may not connect with the bureaucratic term "resiliency," they care immensely about the practical outcomes of resiliency planning. The following findings should directly influence the development of climate resiliency alternatives: ● Nature-Based Shoreline Stabilization : Respondents have witnessed significant coastal erosion, shifting dunes, and fluctuating water levels that periodically narrow the beaches. Because the community demands the Point remain "primitive" and "natural", resiliency alternatives should prioritize green infrastructure and nature-based solutions (like planting native beach grasses, willow, and expanding wetland buffer zones) over hard armoring (like concrete sea walls or rip-rap). ● Adaptable Infrastructure: Respondents praised the raised boardwalks for protecting fragile dune vegetation. Resiliency alternatives should expand on this by ensuring that all future infrastructure, such as parking lots, restrooms, and pathways, is modular, elevated, or strategically placed to withstand storm surges and shifting sands without being destroyed. ● Forest Succession and Fire Management : Respondents expressed specific concerns about the mature pine trees being vulnerable to extreme wind and storms, Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 34 questioning if succession trees are being planted. Furthermore, both Native American and ecological-minded respondents advocated for the reintroduction of prescribed burns. Resiliency planning should incorporate Native American traditional knowledge and cultural fire practices to manage invasive species, promote native plant regeneration, and improve the long-term health and storm-durability of the forest canopy. ● Protecting Allouez Bay Wetlands: The bay side of the Point is highly valued for birding (including the endangered Piping Plover), kayaking, and wetland ecology. Resiliency alternatives must account for the bay's vulnerability to climate-driven vegetation shifts and invasive species (like Russian Thistle and Tansy) by actively managing the marsh ecosystem to ensure it continues acting as a natural storm buffer for the City of Superior. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 35 Appendix 1: Core Project Design and Review Team We are grateful to the following individuals who participated in either study design, survey tool review and/or review of the report: ● Chris Carlson, City of Superior : study design and review of survey and report ● Bridgit Maruska , City of Superior : review of survey and report ● Matthew Steiger , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources : study design and review of survey and report ● Molly Wick , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources : review of report ● Todd Brieby , Wisconsin Coastal Management Program : study design ● Thomas Howe , Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa : review of survey and report ● Deanna Erickson , Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency : study design and review of survey and report ● Karina Heim , Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency : study design and review of survey and report Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 36 Appendix 2 - Sample Survey INTRODUCTION Why is Wisconsin Point important to you and why do you visit? The City of Superior and its partners are seeking feedback from users in order to understand how you use Wisconsin Point and what about it is important to you. The information you share in this survey will help the City of Superior and its partners plan for a healthy and adaptable WI Point. As we plan for the future, your relationship with Wisconsin Point is an important piece of the puzzle. If you don’t wish to answer any of the questions, you may skip those questions. Survey responses will be anonymous and will take ~15 min. Once you submit the survey, you will be shown another link where you can provide your name and email to be entered in a drawing to receive a $50 gift card. This step is optional and your survey responses will not be linked to your contact information. Ten (10) gift cards will be awarded. Date, Time of Survey: Automatically Populated by Form 1. Why is Wisconsin Point important to you?___________________ 2. Describe one or two important changes you have observed over time at Wisconsin Point_____________________________ 3. How many years ago was your first visit to Wisconsin Point? 1st time visit 0-2 2-5 5-10 More than 10 4. Over the past twelve months, how many visits have you made to Wisconsin Point? ____Number of Visits 5. Where do you visit when you are at Wisconsin Point? For each location please select the answer that matches your visits (recently=within the last 12 months) (I Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 37 have visited recently, visited not recently, familiar not visited, familiar will not visit, not familiar . ● Lighthouse ● Beach, via Lot 1 ● Beach, via Lot 2 ● Beach, via Lot 3 ● Beach, via Lot 4 ● Beach, via Lot 5 ● Makwa Ziibins Miikana (Bear Creek Trail) ● New Pavillion on Bear Creek Trail ● Allouez Bay (paddling, boating, hunting, fishing, or other on water activities) ● Other________ 6. If you selected “Other”, please describe the location 7. How much total time did you spend at Wisconsin Point today or your most recent visit? Please mark one. Less than 1 hour About 1 hour Between 1 and 2 hours About 2 hours More than 2 hours 8. What is your favorite place at Wisconsin Point? Please name it or describe its location. If you do not have a favorite location, then leave blank or write NA ____________________________ 9. What should Wisconsin Point look like or include 10 years from now? _________________________ 10. What activities do you engage in at Wisconsin Point (for each activity select the answer that matches your participation (recently=within the last 12 months)? (done recently, done not recently, familiar and interested in doing, familiar and not interested in doing this, not familiar with this) ● Foraging/gathering ● Waterfowl hunting ● Fishing ● Birding Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 38 ● Wildlife viewing ● Picnicking ● Plant identifying ● Beach combing ● Visiting historic or important cultural sites ● Dog walking ● Cycling ● Ship watching ● Hiking/walking ● Paddling ● Swimming ● Snowshoeing ● Skiing ● Ice skating ● Other 11. If you selected “Other”, please describe the activity. ____________________________________________ 12. Over time you may have witnessed changes in the quality of your experience and/or availability of the resource(s) at the Point. For each of the following uses, please indicate if you have witnessed improvement, decline or no change: ○ Foraging/gathering ○ Waterfowl hunting ○ Fishing ○ Birding ○ Wildlife viewing ○ Picnicking ○ Visiting historic or important cultural sites ○ Plant identifying ○ Beach combing ○ Ship watching ○ Dog walk ○ Cycling ○ Hiking/walking ○ Paddling ○ Snowshoeing ○ Ice skating ○ Skiing ○ Swimming Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 39 ○ Other 13. If you selected “Other”, please describe the activity ___________________________________________ 14. Is there anything you would like to share about your answer above?_____________________________ 15. Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with each of the statements. (Likert - strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree) Wisconsin Point is very important to me. I feel no commitment/connection to Wisconsin Point. Many important cultural connections of mine are tied to Wisconsin Point. Wisconsin Point is a special place for my family. Many important family memories of mine are tied to Wisconsin Point. I do not visit Wisconsin Point with my family. 16. Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement.(Likert - strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree) I am concerned about the health of Wisconsin Point due to extreme weather events and changing environmental conditions. 17. Is there anything that prevents you from visiting Wisconsin Point more frequently?________________ 18. Is there anything you would like to do at Wisconsin Point but are currently unable? Please share that use and barriers_____________ 19. What months do you typically visit Wisconsin Point? Please select all that apply. January February March Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 40 April May June July August September October November December 20. What time of day do you primarily use Wisconsin Point? Early morning, 4:00 am - 8:00 am Morning, 8:00 am-11:30 am Midday, 11:30 am-1:30 pm Afternoon, 1:30 pm-4:30 pm Evening 4:30 pm-8:00 pm Night, 8:00 pm-11:00 pm 21. How important are each of the following to you at Wisconsin Point? (Likert scale Not important at all, Slightly Important, Moderately important, Important, Very important) ● Resilience to extreme weather events ● Opportunities to connect with nature ● Continued access to recreational opportunities ● Being safe ● Water access ● Free of litter/cleanliness ● Protection of Wisconsin Point ● Restoration of habitat at Wisconsin Point ● Ease of parking/access ● Other 22. If you selected “Other”, please describe: ______________________________________ 23. Do you have any physical conditions that make it difficult to access or participate in Wisconsin Point activities or services? No Yes (Please describe in next section) Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 41 24. What activities did you have difficulty accessing or participating in? ___________________________________________________ 25. Because of the physical condition, which specific difficulties did you have? Please select all that apply. Visual (difficulty in seeing signs, even with prescribed glasses or due to blindness) Mobility (difficult in accessing facilities, beach, trails, services, or programs even with walking aid and/or wheelchairs) Other (please specify below) 26. If you selected “Other”, please specify below. _____________________________________________ 27. Is there anything else you would like to say about Wisconsin Point? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS The following questions seek information such as age, education, ethnicity, etc. This information helps us understand if there are trends and preferences within a population and to help us understand who the survey reached. 28. What is your age? Under 12 years old 12-17 years old 18-24 years old 25-34 years old 35-44 years old 45-54 years old 55-64 years old 65-74 years old 75 years or older 29. What is the highest level of formal education you have completed? Please select only one response. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 42 Less than high school or some high school High school graduate Vocational/trade school certificate Some college Associate degree Bachelor's degree Master's degree Professional degree Doctorate degree 30. What is your gender? Please select one. Male Female Non-binary 31. Which of these categories best indicates your race? Answer only for yourself. Please select one or more. American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander White 32. Which of the following best describes your residency in the region (within 50 miles of Wisconsin Point? Check one. Permanent Resident Seasonal Resident (returning annually for 1-6 months) Not a Resident 33. Are you a permanent resident or citizen of the United States? Yes No 34. What is your Zip Code? 35. What is your State of Residence 36. What is your Country of Origin Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 43 Thank you for completing the survey. Please submit and fill out the form in the following submission confirmation message to fill out the drawing to receive one of ten $50 gift cards! SECTION 2 CONTACT INFORMATION (OPTIONAL): By providing your email address you consent to receive community engagement messages from WDNR, the City of Superior, and restoration partners. Your email address will only be used for community engagement and will not be shared for commercial purposes. You will be entered into a drawing for a $50 gift card. First Name Last Name Mailing Address Street Mailing Address City Mailing Address State Mailing Address Zip Email I would like to participate in future surveys regarding WI Point and the Lake Superior Headwaters. Yes No I would like to receive emails about WI Point, Allouez Bay and other Lake Superior Headwaters projects and the ways I can get engaged. Yes No Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey! Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 44 Appendix 3 - Canvassing Dates and Intercepts In person surveys were implemented and stratified seasonally to capture different user groups and visitor periods from April through December 2025. Seasonal surveys took place during varying week days and weekends, in both the mornings and afternoons. In person surveying began in May and continued through September. Staff provided QR code flyers or a hard copy of the survey on a clip board to respondents, and were present to answer questions during completion. Survey dates, times and number of intercepts Date Location/Event Time of Day Number of Intercepts* 5/17/25 Wisconsin Point - Friends of the Lake Beach Cleanup 9:00 am - 12:00 pm 25-30 7/20/25 Barker’s Island - Lake Superior Day 11:00 am - 3:00 pm 45-50 8/23/25 Barkers Island - Dragon Boat Festival 9:00 am - 12:00 pm 5-10 9/3/25 Fairlawn Mansion Ice Cream Social 5:00 - 7:30 pm 5-10 4/25/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 12:00 - 3:00 pm 1-2 5/24/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 12:00 -3:00 pm 1-2 5/25/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 1:00 - 3:00 pm 2-5 6/14/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 10:00 - 2:00 pm 5-10 6/21/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 1:00 - 3:30 pm 5-10 6/24/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 10:00 am - 1:00 pm 5-10 7/12/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 12:00 - 3:30 pm 2-5 8/10/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 1:00 - 4:30 pm 5-10 8/21/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 1:00 - 4:30 pm 5-10 9/13/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 10:00 am - 12:30 pm 2 - 5 9/14/25 In person - Wisconsin Point 1:30 - 3:30 pm 1-2 * Number of intercepts refers to the number of people who were introduced to the survey, and either filled out a survey or took a QR code flyer. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 45 Appendix 4 - Signage and Flyers Size 12X18 signs were created by LegacyWorks and installed by City Staff at all 5 parking lots and the boat launch. Magnetized signs were adhered to all restroom doors at WI Point. The same image was also printed as a flyer for distribution at various locations and during event tabling. Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 46 Appendix 5 - Raw Survey Data Due to the length of the survey respondent data, we have included a link to the raw data in Google Sheets and the summary of responses to the Google Survey Summary . Wisconsin Point Visitor Use Assessment, March 2026 47